NOTE: 1) Jack DeWinter and I are working on updating the list.
             2) The email addresses in this list are very out of date.
             
             
             


        Interstellar, Intrastellar, and Space Travel List
                  ( How To Get There From Here )

                           Version 1.4


                Compiled By: Jack a.k.a. Wildside
                At: Dewinter@watserv1.uwaterloo.ca
                or Dewinter@watserv1.waterloo.edu





      Disclaimer:   This  list is for the purpose of accumu-
      lating  forms of space travel in books, games, and the
      media.   This  is  not an acceptance, nor a denial, of
      the  idea that the forms of travel listed in this list
      are possible.

      Copyright  1990,  1991  Jack  De Winter.   Use of this
      article,  in part or in whole, for commercial purposes
      without  prior consent of the compiler of this list is
      discouraged,  and goes against the spirit of the copy-
      right  protection.   Use  of this article for personal
      and   private   enjoyment   is   acceptable,   and  is
      encouraged,  as  long as the article remains in whole,
      with  the  exception  of  minor  formatting changes to
      accommodate  different  word-processing  systems.   If
      major changes in the formatting are needed, consent is
      needed from the compiler of the list.


                        February 28, 1991
                        Table of Contents


 1.  Notices About The List .................................  ii

     1.1.  Copyright Notice .................................  ii

     1.2.  Editors Notice ...................................  ii

     1.3.  Compilation History .............................  iii

     1.4.  Contributor's List ...............................  iv

           1.4.1.  Individual Submitters List ...............  iv

           1.4.2.  Group Submitters List ....................  iv

 2.  Faster-Than-Light ( Superluminal ) Drives ...............  2

     2.1.  Books .............................................  2

     2.2.  Games ............................................  17

     2.3.  Movies and Television ............................  21

 3.  Sublight Spaceflight ...................................  23

     3.1.  Books ............................................  23

     3.2.  Games ............................................  27

 4.  Gates And Teleportation ................................  29

     4.1.  Books ............................................  29

 5.  Ansibles And Other Communications Devices ..............  34

     5.1.  Books ............................................  34

 6.  Glossary ...............................................  37

 7.  Sources of Stories .....................................  43
                              - ii -


1.  Notices About The List

1.1.  Copyright Notice

     This  copyright  notice is placed here to protect myself, as
well  as  anyone who uses the list.  If you wish to use this list
as  part of a gaming journal, or as part of a paper on some topic
(  who  knows,  it could happen ), if you send me a letter saying
what  you  wish to use it for, there should be no problem in get-
ting  permission  (  unless  circumstances make it otherwise ) as
soon  as I can reply back to you. This is here so that there will
be  one source for the list to make it easily manageable, as well
as  to  protect  my interests, as a lot of time has been invested
into constantly updating this list.

1.2.  Editors Notice

     I have tried to make these entries as clean as possible, but
I  don't  have  a  really good way of checking every single entry
that  gets  submitted.   If  there is an omission of a particular
drive OR if there is an error in an entry, send E-mail and I will
try  and  have it fixed for subsequent releases.  As this list is
being compiled with the help of people on the net, you have a say
in  what is put on this list by telling me what types of drives I
have missed and the source of that drive!!!

     When  describing  the books, the title of the book is under-
lined, if possible for that type of output ( e.g. Dragonriders Of
Pern  ).   If the drive appears in the series, the series is also
underlined  in  order  to give the series the same recognition as
the  book.  Furthermore, if the titles of the books in the series
are  known, they are listed after the series name, separated from
the  series  with  a  ':'. ( e.g. Some series: First Book, Second
Book.  )  If, in the course of describing an object, it is neces-
sary  to  use a word or phrase that is not in the Glossary at the
end  of  the  list, then the word or phrase will be placed within
two "'" characters.  ( e.g.  The 'Double-K' drive uses... ).

     The  Glossary itself should also be explained.  It is a col-
lection  of terms used throughout the references in the list.  If
the  item  in  the  glossary is rare enough, then it is explained
with  a  cross  reference  showing where an example can be found.
Otherwise, the item is just explained.

     For  the  cross  references,  the notation 'q.v.' is used to
denote that a cross reference is occurring.  While the references
may  be  made in the description, all of the cross references are
listed  at the end of the reference.  In the cross-reference, the
section  before  the  colon  describes  the  section in which the
cross-reference  will be found.  The section following this gives
additional  information about where in that section the reference
can be found.  If there is any additional information, it will be
found in a third section.



                             - iii -


1.3.  Compilation History

Version  1.0.  Released: Mid November, 1990.  This was the origi-
     nal release of the list.

Version 1.1.  Released: December 12, 1990.  This release included
     minor corrections as well as the new section, Gates.

Version   1.1.1.   Released:  January  10,  1991.   This  release
     included on minor corrections and additions.

Version  1.2.  Released: January 31, 1991.  This release included
     minor  corrections  and  additions  and also included cross-
     referencing.

Version 1.3.  Released: February 15, 1991.  This release included
     minor   corrections  and  additions,  Postscript  formatting
     changes, and the new section, Sources of Stories.

Version 1.4.  Released: February 28, 1991.  This release included
     minor corrections and additions, as well as release in Text,
     Postscript, and Troff format onto the mailing list.
                              - iv -


1.4.  Contributor's List

Thanks  to the following people who have contributed to the list.
They are listed in alphabetical order to avoid hurt feelings.

1.4.1.  Individual Submitters List

3040_3744@uwovax.uwo.ca,         Andrew.Wallace@prg.oxford.ac.uk,
aaron@serss0.fiu.edu,              angus@godzilla.cgl.rmit.oz.au,
ap1i+@andrew.cmu.edu,                   brabec@acm.Princeton.EDU,
brabec@pysgjb.ncsu.edu,          burdickj@copper.ucs.indiana.edu,
CABP10@vaxb.strathclyde.ac.uk,        Chris.Holt@newcastle.ac.uk,
caplan@cs.stanford.edu,
cbmvax!snark.thyrsus.com!cowan@uunet.UU.NET,
choinski@primerd.prime.com,       cshafai@eeserv.ee.umanitoba.ca,
d9bertil@dtek.chalmers.se,                     dahe@cl.cam.ac.uk,
dana@chaos.cs.brandeis.edu,       dewinter@watserv1.waterloo.edu,
dicely@tybalt.caltech.edu,           dkfenger@sunee.uwaterloo.ca,
dzweig@rnd.gba.nyu.edu,     ELEE7G9@jetson.uh.edu,    ehs@jyu.fi,
enn@cwns5.INS.CWRU.Edu,             erich@through.cs.caltech.edu,
fledley@mbir.bcm.tmc.edu,               fox-r@cis.ohio-state.edu,
gls@cbnewsh.att.com,                         gls@odyssey.att.com,
gregory@csri.toronto.edu,                         hammer@rpi.edu,
hartman@cs.swarthmore.edu,             hennebry@plains.NoDak.edu,
hoey@etl.army.mil,                  hp@junior.vmars.tuwien.ac.at,
jalden@eleazar.dartmouth.edu,       james@castle.edinburgh.ac.uk,
jason@cnd.hp.com,  jefft@athena.mit.edu, jpb@umbio.med.miami.edu,
jsh44765@uxa.cso.uiuc.edu,                      kaveh@ms.uky.edu,
ken@valkyrie.ecn.uoknor.edu,   kominetz@cbmvax.cbm.commodore.com,
LOOS@Frodo.MGH.Harvard.EDU, llethe!tvcent!andrew@zoo.toronto.edu,
ltanzos@lehi3b15.csee.Lehigh.EDU,          M16569@mwvm.mitre.org,
Mark.Berryman@Mvb.Saic.Com,                malloy@nprdc.navy.mil,
marty@cs.uoregon.ed,                   mmhazewi@praxis.cs.ruu.nl,
monaghan@cs.heriot-watt.ac.uk,                 muilliken@bbn.com,
neufeld@helios.physics.utoronto.ca,        OTTO@vaxb.acs.unt.edu,
philj@tekig5.pen.tek.com,                      piersol@apple.com,
pjlthoma@praxis.cs.ruu.nl,             psavoie@pro-micol.cts.com,
rcbajv@urc.tue.nl,  rparker@wpi.wpi.edu, S.J.Lovatt@massey.ac.nz,
S.H.L.G.Bisson@gdr.bath.ac.uk,              s5!maus@uunet.UU.NET,
schoeps@lyrix,  spcoltri@uokmax.ecn.uoknor.edu,  staudt@rhrk.uni-
kl.de,                                      steinarb@idt.unit.no,
neat.cs.toronto.edu!pyramid!sthomas@garth,   sthomas@mitroc.UUCP,
thornley@cs.umn.edu, torkel@sics.se, trip@cobalt.cco.caltech.edu,
ua_rlp@nuhub.acs.northeastern.edu,  utgard!chris@csusac.csus.edu,
vamplew@probitas.cs.utas.edu.au,              veck@ddsw1.MCS.COM,
wiggs@u.washington.edu,                wyvern@agora.hf.intel.com,
xanthian@zorch.SF-Bay.ORG, YOURAA@morekypr.

1.4.2.  Group Submitters List

Bath Science Fiction Discussion Group, Bath, England.

                              - 2 -


2.  Faster-Than-Light ( Superluminal ) Drives

2.1.  Books

(Various).   Perry  Rhodan.  One of the drives used in this comic
     series uses a gravity well attached to the front of the ship
     using  a  magnetic  container.  In order to travel at super-
     luminal speeds, the gravitational field is intensified until
     a  black  hole  is created through which the ship is able to
     enter hyperspace.  The acceleration range is usually between
     500  and 800 kilometres per second squared, and ship seem to
     fall into suns if they are in planetary systems.  This comic
     appears in weekly, sometimes parallel editions.

Adams,  Douglas.   Hitchhiker's  Guide To The Galaxy. The idea is
     that  the  infinite  improbability drive places you at every
     point  in  the  universe at the same time.  Has really weird
     side  effects.   Uses  a  cup of tea somewhere in the design
     process.

Adams,  Douglas.   Life,  The  Universe,  And  Everything. Almost
     identical to Hitchhiker's Guide To The Galaxy except that it
     uses waiters in a Bistro instead of a cup of tea.  The drive
     operates  on  the  principle that it is impossible to figure
     out  who owes what for the meal.  If you try and figure any-
     thing  else  out,  such as how to get from here to there, it
     will occur according to how improbable it is.

Anderson,  Poul.  The Avatar. A system of artifacts, set up by an
     alien   race,   establish  artificial  jump  points  in  the
     universe.

Anderson,  Poul.   Flandry series.  Similar to the drive from the
     game  2300  AD.   The  quirk  with  this  drive is that beam
     weapons  between  two  ships only work if the two ships have
     the same skip rate.

     ( q.v. Superluminal-Games: 2300 AD.  )

Anthony, Piers.  Macroscope. Uses the idea that space is actually
     folded,  such  that the jump drive links two points in space
     that  touch at the fold and travel is seen to be instantane-
     ous.   A  large gravity well is needed for such transitions,
     so  the  ships  usually  carried  around large asteroids for
     fuel.   Also,  due  to the high-pressure conditions of tran-
     sport,  the human tissue had to be liquefied, then vaporized
     before transit, and restored after the transit had been com-
     pleted.

Asimov,   Isaac.    Foundation  series:  Prelude  To  Foundation,
     Foundation, Second Foundation, Foundation's Edge, Foundation
     And  Empire;  Robot Detective series.  Operates by form of a
     controlled  nuclear  explosion  where  the  people  are non-
     existent  during  the transit through hyperspace.  A problem

                              - 3 -


     was  encountered  due  to  the Three Robotic Laws, where the
     interpretation  of  'harm'  seemed to include temporary non-
     existence  while  'in transit', as non-existence was equated
     with  death.  Their positronic brains, of course, froze when
     they  discovered  that  the  passengers would be dead at one
     point  (  regardless  of  their  final state! ) so a special
     super-brain  was  made  that could deal with temporary dead-
     ness.   The  first  two  passengers  had terrible nightmares
     while  in transit ( scenes from hell, etc... ), and this was
     the  work  of  the super-brain, who had developed a sense of
     humour  in  order to deal with the temporary deaths.  As the
     ships  became  more  refined,  the time in hyperspace became
     less,  and the definition of death was redefined so that the
     computer would not go crazy.  Entering into transit from too
     deep  within a gravity well causes really ugly side effects.
     In  the  Robot  Detective  series,  the jump drives used are
     under the control of spacers, that is people who continually
     live  in  outer  space.   In the Foundation series, the jump
     drive  starts  off  with a long process needed to figure out
     one's exact location, needed in order to find out how to get
     to  the  destination.  By Second Foundation, a computer that
     allows  one to compute their exact position quickly is used.
     In  Foundation's Edge, it has become possible to do a series
     of  jumps without having the calculated position deviate too
     far  from  the actual one that it becomes dangerous.  And in
     Foundation  And  Empire,  it  is  possible  to  chart a path
     through  the dense galactic core, but it requires extra time
     to make sure the ship does not accidentally hit any stars.

Asimov,  Isaac.   Nemesis.  The  superluminal  drive  negates the
     effect  of  inertia  allowing many multiples of the speed of
     light.   The  drive  is  totally computer controlled and the
     vessel remains in realspace throughout the entire trip.  The
     secret  of superluminal travel is that the speed of light is
     treated  as  Ground Zero.  Above the speed of light, gravity
     repels  objects  rather than attracting them.  An early ver-
     sion  of this drive, a 'stutter' drive, used this principle,
     but only for very short times and for very short distances.

Asimov,  Isaac.   Thiotimoline To The Stars. Uses Asimov's famous
     substance  thiotimoline  as  a  drive.   Uses logical incon-
     sistencies  from  the previous books ( like the fact that it
     goes into the water before the water hits it ).

Blish,  James.  Cities In Flight series; Okie stories: They Shall
     Have  Stars.  Travel is performed using a 'spindizzy' drive,
     more  properly known as the Dillon-Waggoner Gravitron Polar-
     ity  Generator, which operates on a little known law of phy-
     sics.  The speed obtained is proportional to the mass ( i.e.
     larger mass, larger speed ).  Cities and planets were there-
     fore hooked up to this drive.

     (  q.v.  Ansible-Books:  Blish,  James.   Cities  In  Flight
     series; Okie stories: )
                              - 4 -


Bradley,  Marion  Zimmer.   ( I know she has one, can anyone fill
     this in? )

Brin,  David.   Earthclan,  Startide Rising, Sundiver, The Uplift
     War.  One  of  the species uses a hyperdrive that suppresses
     reality, hence no lightspeed barrier if the 'pilot' does not
     wish  one.   Really  dangerous  concept  though,  as  if the
     'pilot'  did  not believe in reality any more, then the ship
     would  never  rematerialize.  Apparently, there were several
     levels of hyperspace that could be used in _The Uplift War_,
     and  the maximum speed at which you could travel depended on
     which  level  you  were  on.  Other species used drives that
     could  only  be  used  at particular points near stars.  The
     humans  and  their  uplifted  children  utilize a quasi jump
     drive  augmented  with  a stasis field to slow down time for
     the  occupants  of  the ship, but time-dilation effects were
     still experienced.

Bunch,  Chris  and Cole, Allan.  Sten series.  Several drives are
     used  which are both sublight and superluminal.  The primary
     superluminal  drive  is  the  AntiMatter-2 drive, powered by
     AntiMatter-2.   Apparently  AntiMatter-2  is  only available
     from  the  Eternal  Emperor,  who ( it seems ) is a required
     organic    decision-making    component   of   the   robotic
     AntiMatter-2  factories  (  in  some  other space ); this is
     still  being  released  in  dribs and drabs as the series is
     published.   The  Eternal  Emperor  discovered the source of
     AntiMatter-2  before  he  was Eternal, and used it to become
     the ultimate water emperor.  He has survived multiple assas-
     sination attempts, at least 3 which were successful.

Bujold,  Lois  McMaster.  Series: Falling Free. In this four part
     series,  mention  is  made of Necklin field tensor equations
     that allow the ships to punch through wormholes.

Bujold,  Lois  McMaster.   Miles Vorkosigan series and associated
     books:  Shards  Of Honor, The Warrior's Apprentice, Ethan Of
     Athos,  Falling Free, Borders Of Infinity, Brothers In Arms,
     The Vor Game.This method of travel utilizes wormholes in the
     universe. Special jump pilots are given direct mind-computer
     links  in order to navigate the wormholes. While a jump will
     take  hours  for a pilot and will be very draining, the rest
     of the crew do not notice the voyage.

Chalker,  Jack.   Wells  Of  Souls  series.   In this series, the
     universe  is  a giant computer running a simulation.  There-
     fore,  if  you change the bits that represent your location,
     you  change  two.   Seeing  as this can involve a hyperspace
     approach, it seems like a superluminal drive is being used.

Chalker,  Jack.   Soul  Rider  series:  Spirits Of Flux & Anchor,
     Empires Of Flux & Anchor, Masters Of Flux & Anchor, Birth Of
     Flux  &  Anchor, Children Of Flux & Anchor. Travel is accom-
     plished by punching a hole in the universe to a layer of raw
                              - 5 -


     energy  (  called  'Flux'  )  that  surrounds  the universe.
     There,  the speed of light is millions of times greater than
     that  of  our  universe, and when something is shot into the
     boundary, it will eventually return to our universe due to a
     weaker boundary between the Flux and the universe.  Later in
     the  books,  gates  are  established in space and on planets
     where ships can be sent through. The location of exit points
     in our universe are generally not known as they are faraway.

     ( q.v. Gates-Books: Chalker, Jack: Soul Rider series. )

Cherryh,   C.J.    Charnur   series;   The   Faded   Sun  series;
     Union/Alliance    series:    Cyteen,    Downbelow   Station,
     Merchenteer's  Luck,  Forty Thousand In Gehenna, Rimrunners.
     These  series use a form of a skip drive in order to move at
     sublight  and  superluminal  velocities.  As the velocity is
     picked  up  and  bleed of in bursts by exterior vanes on the
     ship,  the  transition  to  superluminal speeds must be made
     within  a  gravity  well.   The  one bad side effect is that
     humans need to be drugged for the transition to superluminal
     speeds,  otherwise  they  go mad.  No other species seems to
     have this problem.

Clarke,  Arthur C.  Childhood's End. A superluminal drive is used
     by  the  Overlords,  making  the  forty  light  year journey
     between  Earth  and  the  Overlord's planet take a couple of
     months.  This was okay for the Overlords who had a very long
     lifespan,  but  it  did  cause  some  problems for the human
     stowaway,  but  he  knew  about  the  problem before he left
     Earth.

Clarke,  Arthur  C.  The City And The Stars. A superluminal drive
     is used towards the end of the story, which enables the peo-
     ple  to  travel between stars.  As there was no explanation,
     this was probably just a plot device.

Clarke, Arthur C.  Songs Of Distant Earth. The drive used in this
     book  is called a quantum energy drive.  This drive uses the
     energy  to be found below the Planck-Wheeler length ( 10e-33
     cm or thereabouts ) to power a photon drive ( light pressure
     from a laser ).  Since the maximum speed is only 0.1c, it is
     used  for  hibernation or sleep ships.  The ship also pushes
     an  iceberg  in  front of it to function as a dust/radiation
     shield.

Cook,  Glen.   Darkwar  series:  Doomstalker,  Warlock, Ceremony.
     Space  travel  is  performed  using  witchcraft  which  uses
     'Ghosts'  to  move the ships.  There is also a run-in with a
     technological  civilization  that uses an unspecified hyper-
     drive  system. ( Anyone want to expand more on the 'Ghosts'?
     )

Foster,  Alan Dean.  Humanx Commonwealth Series.  The 'KK' drive,
     also  referred  to  as  the  'Double-K' drive uses a gravity
                              - 6 -


     field  which is projected in front of the ship.  As the ship
     moves,  the field moves in the same direction.  As a result,
     the  ship  ends  up falling into the gravity well that it is
     projecting  which  remains  at  a constant distance from the
     ship.   Takes advantage of the fact that as you approach the
     lightspeed, gravitational acceleration becomes constant.

Haldeman,  Joe.   The  Forever War. A drive that used black holes
     was  used  in this novel, but not much of the inner workings
     were explained.

Harrison,  Harry.   Bill  The Galactic Hero. A 'Bloater Drive' is
     used which acts like a rubber band.  You stretch the size of
     the ship until it stretches to your destination and then let
     go of the tension from the starting point.

Harrison,  Harry.   Space  Rats  Of  The CCC. The Kelly Drive can
     accelerate  ships  to 7 times the speed of light. When asked
     to  explain  this,  the inventor answered "Well - sure and I
     guess Einstein was wrong".

Heinlein,  Robert A.  Methuselah's Children. Andrew Jackson Libby
     discovers  a  way to propel the ship through space at speeds
     that were barely sublight, the explanation being detailed in
     the  reference in the Sublight section.  When the ship trav-
     els  to the planet of the 'Gods' of the Jockaira, the 'Gods'
     use  another  type  of  faster-than-light  drive in order to
     transport  them  to  another  planet,  somewhat  like  Eden.
     Observing  the  trip,  Libby  talked to the dominant species
     there and came up with an analogous faster-than-light drive.
     They  then  use  this  drive  to return to the Solar System.
     This  drive is also used in Heinlein's books Time Enough For
     possiblyLove,with made to the drive.

     (  q.v. Superluminal-Books: Heinlein, Robert A.: Time Enough
     For  Love; Sublight-Books: Heinlein, Robert A.: Methuselah's
     Children. )

Heinlein,  Robert  A.   Number  Of  The  Beast, The Cat Who Walks
     Through  Walls, To Sail The Sunset. Based in a 6-dimensional
     space,  you  can instantaneously travel to where you want to
     go  provided you know the proper vectors.  Upon arrival, you
     can  be  anywhere,  anywhen,  with  any  speed below that of
     lightspeed.   The drive is computer controlled and uses vir-
     tually  no  power,  and  can  be almost as small as the user
     desires  as  the drive is a special form of a gyroscope.  As
     the  drive is just a special gyroscope in a vacuum, the only
     energy  needed  for  the drive is that to keep the gyroscope
     spinning.    Also,  the mechanics are quite similar to those
     of  a  normal  gyroscope.  If you push a gyroscope, it moves
     with  a result vector that is ninety degrees from the vector
     of  the  push.   Extrapolate  this  into  a  push from three
     orthogonal  directions simultaneously.  Then assume that the
     space-time  continuum  is  composed  of three space axis and
                              - 7 -


     three  time  axis with all of them being orthogonal, instead
     of  the  usual four space-time axis.  When that gyroscope is
     pushed,  it  will  appear  from our point of view.  However,
     from the gyroscopes point of view, one or more of the normal
     four space-time axis have been rotated out and replaced with
     the other two. With six axis there are 6^6^6 possible combi-
     nations,  666 being the number of the beast. With the normal
     space-time axis plus two more axis, it is possible to rotate
     into  another  dimension,  time,  or  position with a result
     velocity vector in the space dimensions being in existence.

Heinlein,  Robert  A.   Starman  Jones.  The  ships  in  question
     accelerate  to  lightspeed where it jumped elsewhere through
     the use of 'congruencies'.  The 'congruencies' are a form of
     space  warp that is dependent on the folds that occur in the
     space-time  continuum.  The ship accelerates to a speed near
     lightspeed  and enters the congruency.  If the congruency is
     entered  with the right velocity vector, the ship jumps to a
     destination  point.  These congruencies are fixed and a fair
     amount of effort is put into charting new ones.

Heinlein,  Robert A.  Starship Troopers. This famous story uses a
     Cherenkov  drive that is capable of several hundred time the
     speed of light.

Heinlein,  Robert A.  Time Enough For Love. This drive, the Libby
     drive,  transports  the  ship to an alternate dimension when
     the  ship is in flight.  The ship is totally cut of from the
     space-time  continuum  and  has  a  side  effect of having a
     potential  to be as many years off target as there are light
     years   in  the  hyperspatial-jump.   This  is  possibly  an
     improved  version  from the one that is used in Methuselah's
     Children.

     ( q.v. Superluminal-Books: Heinlein, Robert A.: Methuselah's
     Children. )

Herbert,  Frank.  Dune, Dune Messiah. The travel used in the book
     stems  from  the work of one person: Holtzmann.  In order to
     travel,  it  was necessary to use the three-dimensional ver-
     sion  of  the 'Holtzmann Effect', also called the 'Suspensor
     Nullification  Effect'.   This  effect  moved  the ship into
     hyperspace,  where the travel speed was quicker. Navigators,
     people  who  have  mutated  due to overexposure to the spice
     melange,  were  responsible  for seeing that the ship got to
     its  destination  quickly  and  safely.   They  did  this by
     searching  the  possible futures for the one that would make
     them  arrive  at  their  destination  the  quickest  and the
     safest,  and  then  they  brought  the ship around that time
     line.   The  Navigators  were  important as computers didn't
     exist  in  that  universe,  due to the work of the Butlerian
     Jihad  (  before  his work, computers were used to transport
     the ships ).  More about the effects discovered by Holtzmann
     appear in the form of ansibles.
                              - 8 -


     ( q.v. Ansibles-Books: Herbert, Frank: Dune, Dune Messiah. )

Hogan,  James  Patrick.   Giant's Star. The concept used for this
     drive  is  the  passage of the ship through and artificially
     generated  toroid-shaped  black  hole.   By  controlling the
     parameters  such  as  size,  rotation speed, and attitude, a
     hyperspace tunnel was created to a destination that could be
     light years away where a corresponding black hole was formed
     and  was used to exit hyperspace.  If the ships did not gain
     at  least  a light days distance from any planets, the black
     hole  would  disrupt  the  orbit of any planets in question.
     More  than a light years distance was needed if the ship was
     not designed for this mode of travel.

King, Stephen.  Tommyknockers. This drive is run off of the minds
     of  the  slaves  that  are  kept  on board of the ship.  The
     effects on the slaves are not very nice.  ( Ed. Note. Anyone
     care to fill more of this one in? )

Kube-McDowell,  Michael  P.   Trigon  Disunity  series:  Emprise,
     Enigma, Empry. The 'AVLO' drive projects an artificial grav-
     ity well in front of the ship, causing the ship to fall into
     it.   Because the field's distance to the starship is fixed,
     the field falls at the same rate as the ship, producing for-
     ward acceleration.  The acceleration is constant right up to
     lightspeed,  and  beyond, into the craziness of faster-than-
     light speeds.  The ship is cut off from the outside universe
     during  the craziness, and significant time-dilation occurs.
     A  small  percentage  of people undergoing the craze develop
     psychological  problems  due  to being unable to tell if the
     universe is still there outside the ship.

L'Engel,  Madelaine.  A Wrinkle In Time. Uses the idea that space
     and  time  can  be  folded  so  that any two points touch. A
     tesseract is used for travel and the three ladies, Mrs. Who,
     Mrs.  What,  and  Mrs.  Which  use  mental power in order to
     travel through the tesseract to their destination.

LeGuin,  Ursula  K.   Hainish  novels: Rocannon's World, The Left
     Hand  Of  Darkness,  The Dispossessed. Using Shevek's simul-
     tainety theory ( from The Dispossesed ) which allows for the
     instantaneous  communications of the ansible, it is possible
     to extend the theory to allow for superluminal travel.  How-
     ever, travel in this form is fatal, and therefore only prac-
     tical  as  a  weapon.  Instead, most people tend to use sub-
     light  ships in order to travel close to, but not beyond the
     speed of light.

     (  q.v.  Superluminal-Books: LeGuin, Ursula K.  Hainish nov-
     els:  Rocannon's  World,  The  Left  Hand  Of  Darkness, The
     Dispossessed. )

Lindsay, David.  A Voyage To Arcturus. This drive relies on 'back
     rays', which are similar to light rays, except that they get
                              - 9 -


     attracted  to  the  star  that they originated from.  If you
     fill  a  container  with  them,  then the container, and the
     vessel  attached  to it, will move towards the star in ques-
     tion.  In this book, they are able to travel to their desti-
     nation, Arcturus, in under seventeen hours.  While this book
     was  published  in  1920,  it  can  still be considered as a
     superluminal  drive,  as  the  speed  of  the  ship is proof
     enough.

Longyear,  Barry  B.  SHAWNA, Ltd. This short story uses a device
     called  the SHAWNA ( Superluminal Hegelian Absolutized World
     Neospatial  Amplifier  )  which  allows  philosophers to sit
     around and to think the ship from one place to another.

Martin,  George.   WildCard  series.  Dr. Tachyon's ship, 'Baby',
     uses  a  tachyon  propulsion  system  where the ship and its
     occupants  are  transformed  or  considered to behave like a
     single  particle, in this case a tachyon.  Some weapons that
     are  used  also  follow these principles. The Takisian names
     for the drive and weapon used on 'Baby' are 'ghostdrive' and
     'ghostlance' to illustrate the weird effect that they use.

May, Julian.  Exiles series.  Ships pass into a place called 'the
     grey  limbo'  in  order  to  travel.   An 'Upsilon field' is
     created  for  the  ship to enter and exit hyperspace, and if
     the  spacial  lattices of the ship are not adjusted properly
     to  the  new  surroundings after emergence, then 'the rubber
     band effect' sends the ship back to its original point.  The
     problem  with  this  mode  of  transport is the pain that is
     caused by the Upsilon field and usually only 'Metapsychics',
     that  is  very  powerful psychics, who can use a 'mitigator'
     program  to  dull  the  pain  can go very fast.  As the pain
     experienced  is  proportional  to  speed, passenger ships go
     nice and slow.

McCaffery,  Anne.   Dragonriders Of Pern series.  In this series,
     all  of the creatures descendant from dragons have the abil-
     ity  to  go  "between"  and back into our universe at a dif-
     ferent  point  from  which  they  left. There is one book in
     which  they actually travel to another planet by this method
     in order to try and kill alien spores.  As the dragons go to
     a  cold,  dark  void,  and then out of their destination, it
     could  be  argued  that they are going through hyperspace at
     the time.

McCollum,  Michael.  Antares Series.  The instantaneous transport
     scheme  used  here  is based upon the heavy gravity wells of
     stars.   In  these wells exist folds that are half of a pair
     of  folds.   It  is then possible to travel from one fold to
     its  partner  fold.   The  heavier  the  star, the more fold
     points are contained within its gravity well.  The existence
     of  the  folds themselves are actually functions of the mass
     of  the  star and of the target star.  If a star goes super-
     nova,  all  fold  points  leading  to  that  star are either
                              - 10 -


     destroyed or severely distorted instantaneously.  As well as
     the  fold  points  near  the  star  being  changed,  all  of
     'foldspace' may be altered, some effects being instantaneous
     and some effects spreading outwards at lightspeed.

McCollum, Michael.  Lifeprobe, Procyon's Promise. A gravity drive
     is  used  in order to accelerate past lightspeed.  There are
     apparently  no  problems  with  infinite mass, as time is in
     fact  negative,  and hence there are no imaginary terms past
     the  lightspeed.  While the travel time is not very fast, it
     does  allow  one to travel 60 light years in approximately 6
     months.   The  drive is detectable however, as a ship coming
     towards you will be detected as a stream of energetic parti-
     cles receding at lightspeed.

     (   q.v.   Sublight-Books:  McCollum,  Michael.   Lifeprobe,
     Procyon's Promise. )

Niven,  Larry.   Known  Space  Series/Universe:  At The Core, The
     Borderland  Of  Sol,  The  Ethics  Of  Madness,  Flatlander,
     Ringworld, The Ringworld Engineers, OfTheWorld Two different
     hyperdrives  are  used:  the  first  and  the second quantum
     hyperdrive.  The first quantum hyperdrive was purchased from
     the  Outsiders  with a ratio of one light year travelled for
     every  three  days in hyperdrive.  The second quantum hyper-
     drive,  was  created by the Puppeteers, with a significantly
     enhanced  rate  of  one  light  year travelled for every one
     minute  and fifteen seconds in hyperdrive.  Both drives have
     the  same  weird  psychological effects on people travelling
     through  this  hyperspace, as the hyperspace is treated as a
     big  blind spot by the optic nerves.  Therefore, while it is
     possible  to  have  your eyes open and your face towards the
     viewport,  it  is  impossible  to  look out of the viewport.
     This  is  one  of  the main reasons that passenger cabins on
     spaceliners  in  this universe do not have viewports.  While
     it  is  possible to go outside of the ship in hyperdrive, it
     is  quite  possible that you will forget what sight is until
     you  look  back  at the ship. There is also a strange disap-
     pearance  that  occurs  if  the hyperspatial- jump passes to
     close  to a gravity well.  As gravity wells in realspace are
     singularities  in  this  hyperspace,  space will wrap around
     itself  and  the  ship  will  fly  of into a higher level of
     hyperspace.   However,  if  the  gravity  gradient  is  high
     enough,  as  in a quantum black hole, only the engine of the
     ship  will  fly  off.   There also were sublight drives that
     were  used  before  the hyperdrives were either purchased or
     created, and are detailed in the Sublight section.

     ( q.v. Sublight-Books: Niven, Larry: Known Space series. )

Niven,  Larry and Pournelle, Jerry.  The Mote In God's Eye. Takes
     place  in  the  future of the CoDominium universe about 1000
     years and uses Pournelle's Alderson drive.
                              - 11 -


     (  q.v.  Superluminal-Books:  Pournelle,  Jerry:  CoDominium
     series. )

Niven,  Larry.   One  Face.  The ship travels into an 'Overspace'
     which  has two possible subspaces: c equals zero or c equals
     infinity,  with  very  interesting consequences if the wrong
     one  is  entered.   Apparently,  this  type  of drive is the
     ancestor of the drives used in the Known Space universe.

Niven,  Larry.   One-Way  Street.  In  this short story, a really
     novel  approach  is  used.   The crew is placed in suspended
     animation for a sublight voyage to the destination, followed
     by a time travel backwards to the starting date of the jour-
     ney.  Depending on the method used to travel backwards, this
     could be considered faster-than-light travel.

Pohl,  Frederick.   Heechee  series.  By removing all of the mass
     from  the  ship, the limitation about accelerating masses to
     luminal  and  superluminal velocities disappears.  This is a
     variation  on the standard inertialess drive where it is the
     inertia that is reduced.

Pournelle,  Jerry.   CoDominium  series, A Step Farther Out. This
     drive,  called  the  Alderson  drive, allowed movement along
     lines  of  equal  nuclear-magnetic  flux  between stars, and
     thus,  only  worked  for  certain points in space.  Usually,
     there  were a series of these points around most stars, some
     within the photospheres of some of these stars.  Thus a ship
     would  jump  from  star  one and would jump to star two.  An
     unfortunate  side-effect  of  the Alderson drive was that it
     produced  a  slight  amount  of  discomfort  after use.  One
     theory  on  how  the drive works, is that the drive send the
     vessel  to  an  alternate  universe  where gravity wells are
     inverted  and  thus,  the  ship would slide down one gravity
     gradient  and  glide  up another gradient before instantane-
     ously  appearing  in the target solar system.  This drive is
     explained in very good detail in the book A Step Farther Out
     which is edited by Pournelle.  ( A friend of his, Dan Alder-
     son,  wrote  a six page proof on how this couldn't work, and
     Pournelle  named  the drive after him for pointing this fact
     out. )

Rowley,  Christopher.   The  Founder,  The  Black  Ship,  War For
     Eternity.  The  superluminal  drive  used is called the Fuhl
     drive,  and seems to be based on gravitic and magnetic tech-
     nology.   The  drive  uses  miniature  black holes which are
     trapped  within  a  magnetic container.  The black holes are
     then  spun  together  in set patterns that drop the starship
     out  of  our universe into a hyperspace, which also seems to
     be the barrier between alternate universes.

     (  q.v.  Ansible-Books, Sublight-Books: Rowley, Christopher:
     The Founder, The Black Ship, War For Eternity. )
                              - 12 -


Rowley,  Christopher.  Starhammer, Vang: The Military Form, Vang:
     The Battlemaster. In these books, two different superluminal
     drives are utilized.  The first drive is forbidden to humans
     and  is called the Laowhon Jump drive.  This drive is gravo-
     magnetic  and  seems  to  link  the  gravity fields of stars
     together.  Mention is made of 'spin-effects', but that might
     possibly  refer  to  certain applications of quantum gravity
     theory.   As the technology is forbidden to humans, they may
     buy  ships  with  these drives, but they may not build them.
     The  second  drive, called the Baada drive is based on human
     technology, uses very large ships, but seems to be much more
     powerful  than  the Laowhon drive.  In Starhammer, the Baada
     drive  ship  was  20  km in diameter in order to support the
     drive.  The Baada drive was apparently developed just before
     contact  with  the  Laowhon.  However  5  Baada ships versus
     several fleets was not a fair fight in any case.

     (  q.v.  Ansible-Books, Sublight-Books: Rowley, Christopher:
     Starhammer, Vang: The Military Form, Vang: The Battlemaster.
     )

Sagan, Carl.  Contact. The drive used in this book uses wormholes
     for travel.

Schmitz,  James  H.   The Witches Of Karres. The residents of the
     planet  Karres  have  developed a form of magic.  One of its
     more useful manifestations is the "Sheewash Drive", which is
     a  mentally  powered drive that can propel spaceships ( and,
     with  enough  people,  planets  )  at very high superluminal
     speeds.   Other  superluminal systems are mentioned, but are
     not described in detail.

Scott,  Melissa.   Five-Twelfths  Of Heaven, Silence In Solitude,
     The  Empress  Of  Earth. Alchemy is used in order to get the
     ship  into  hyperspace  where medieval symbology used in the
     drive can take effect.

Shaw,  Bob.   Night Walk. The superluminal travel is accomplished
     with  a  hyperspace  that is very warped with respect to our
     space.   In the beginning, it was very hard to predict where
     you  would end up, so drones were send out to hopefully find
     useful  routes, and once found, they were jealously guarded.
     However, the hero of the story discovers that the hyperspace
     maps to some previously abstract mathematical space.

Shaw,  Bob.   Who  Goes  Here?  A  matter  transmitter  has  been
     developed,  but it is not quite instantaneous thereby avoid-
     ing the problem of an object being in two places at the same
     time.   Due  to  loss of fidelity in the transmission, it is
     not safe to transmit objects over distances greater than 200
     metres.  So  ships  are  built  exactly  200m  long,  with a
     transmitter at one end and a receiver at the other. The ship
     transmits  and receives itself millions of times per second,
     thereby achieving a speed greater than that of light.
                              - 13 -


Simmons,  Dan.   Hyperion,  The  Fall  Of  Hyperion. The 'Hawking
     Effect  drive' is a faster-than-light drive that experiences
     the  problem of the objective time, that is the time experi-
     enced  by  the  traveller, is less than the subjective time,
     that  is the time experienced by people that are not moving.
     The  ships  are  then  able  to set up 'singularity spheres'
     which  are used for interstellar distance teleporters called
     'farcasters',  and  is  further described in the entry under
     the Gates section, as well as an ansible being used.

     (  q.v.  Ansible-Books, Gates-Books: Simmons, Dan: Hyperion,
     The Fall Of Hyperion. )

Smith,   Cordwainer.   Instrumentality  of  Mankind  series:  The
     Colonel  Came  Back From Nothing-At-All, The Game Of Rat And
     Dragon,  The Burning Of The Brain. Uses two kinds of drives,
     the  Space-2  and Space-3 drives.  While most of the details
     are  left  out  on the Space-2 drive, it apparently involves
     going  two  dimensional.   These  two  drives  are  put onto
     'planoforming'  ships which have defense crews which consist
     of  teams  of feline and human 'pinlighters' who ward of the
     energy-beast  'dragons' who live there.  After hyperspatial-
     jumps using the Space-3 drive ( which was instantaneous ), a
     'Go-Captain' would consult star charts to figure out how far
     off  course  they were.  In the last story, an indication is
     made  that  a  drive could be hooked up to a mansion so that
     people  could have a pleasant afternoon at a cocktail party,
     and end up at their destination in a leisurely fashion.

E.E.  Smith,  "Doc" The Galaxy Primes. The Gunther drive was used
     based  on  the  psychic  powers of the crew coupled with the
     "Gunther" field.  It was based on the parallel concept of no
     space  and no time, so all points are indistinguishable and,
     in  some  sense,  identical.  Therefore, going from being at
     one  point  to  an  indistinguishable and identical point is
     possible,  if  you  can deal with both points of view simul-
     taneously.  Only the best operators can move a ship out of a
     galaxy.  If the operator or operators have no desired desti-
     nation, the jump is random.

Smith,  E.E.  "Doc".   Lensman  series: Children Of The Lens. The
     main  drive,  the  Rodebush-Cleveland inertialess drive per-
     fected  by  Nels  Bergenholm  ( an Arisian-energized form of
     flesh  ),  renders the ship inertialess, allowing for speeds
     in  excess  of 100 parsecs per hour, the limitation on speed
     being  the  friction of interstellar gas against the shields
     of  the  vessel  versus  the thrust of the reactionless main
     drive.  This  being  the  case,  the ship was much better at
     travelling  in  intergalactic  space  than  in intragalactic
     space  due  to  the  change in the atomic density of the two
     spaces.   Collisions  with  inert objects causes the ship to
     stop   and  'tractors'  were  needed  to  pull  the  vessels
     together.    People that travelled like this were uncomfort-
     able  due to the total loss of inertia.  A hyperspatial tube
                              - 14 -


     is  used,  which involves two generators ( although that may
     not  be  required  ):  one  fixed  and one mobile.  The tube
     drills through other parallel spaces until it re-erupts into
     our  own  space  with  a  characteristic  'curdling'  of the
     'ether',  detectable  by apparatus or a suitably trained 3rd
     order  intelligence.   Physical laws are variable within the
     tube,  particularly  subjective  time, but objective time to
     traverse  the tube is low to instantaneous ( see Children Of
     The  Lens  ).   If the mobile generator is disengaged during
     transit, the ship will exit the tube into some space; possi-
     bly ours, possibly another.  The transition into the tube is
     very  uncomfortable,  but  once  in  the tube, everything is
     fairly  normal  if  you  are used to being inertialess.  The
     alternate space mentioned had the useful property that inert
     (non-inertialess)  mass  traveled  faster  than light on the
     order of 15c, with an infinite number of these other spaces.
     (  q.v.  Ansibles-Books: Smith, E.E. "Doc".  Lensman series:
     Children Of The Lens. )

Smith, E.E. "Doc".  Skylark series: The Skylark Of Space, Skylark
     Three,   Skylark   Of  Valeron,  Skylark  DuQuesne.  Uses  a
     platinum-likk  metal  called 'X' to catalyse the disintegra-
     tion  of matter, particularly copper and heavier metals; the
     kinetic  energy  released  is channelled into one of several
     'orders'  of vibration, including superluminal motion.  This
     is  accomplished using a drive that is informally called the
     'whatsitron'  drive.   The first batch of 'X' found on Earth
     was  presumably  a  meteor strike as no other sources on the
     planet  were found.  In The Skylark Of Space, when one char-
     acter announces that the ships performance is impossible due
     to  relativistic  constraints, another character states that
     relativity  is only a theory, and ends the discussion there.
     Other  applications,  using  the  boundary conditions of the
     whatsitron  field,  include  presser and tractor beams.  One
     interesting  application  of the tractor beams is as 'object
     compasses',  that  is  setting  a very weak beam on specific
     objects  for  the  purpose  of  tracking  them It seems that
     several basic laws of physics are being totally ignored, but
     that is up to individual interpretation.

Smith, E.E. "Doc".  Subspace Explorers, Subspace Encounter. These
     books  use  hyperspace,  and  travel  while 'immersed' takes
     time.   Communication  is  normally possible while immersed.
     The  first  book  starts off with an accident using a 'zeta'
     field,  at  that  time  one  of  the  major  dangers.  Ships
     encountering one typically keep functioning with damage, but
     are  destroyed  when encountering the next planet, since the
     contact of a zeta charge with a planet releases much energy.
     In  the second book ( posthumously edited and released ) the
     characters  discover that hyperspace is two-sided, and that,
     if  you  immerse as deeply as possible, a strong psychic can
     turn the ship over, so it will re-emerge in the other normal
     space.
                              - 15 -


Spinrad,  Norman.   Stories:  Subjectivity.  A  starship  crew is
     drugged out on Omnidrene, a new hallucinogen, and move their
     ship   by  instantaneously  concentrating  together.   While
     technically  not a drive, a drive is developed by scientists
     observing what had happened.

Spinrad,  Norman.   The Void Captain's Tale. Apparently a faster-
     than-  light  drive is used here which is sex-powered.  ( No
     jokes,  this  was a serious submission.  Any confirmations /
     refutations? )

Sterling, Bruce Involution Ocean, The Artificial Kid. An inertia-
     less superluminal drive is mentioned in this book.

Sterling, Bruce Schismatrix. According to this book, there are at
     least  three  ways  that  the  Investors, an alien race that
     apparently   stole   the   technology,   know  of  exceeding
     lightspeed.   The  only catch is the price that you are wil-
     ling  to pay.  The Investors themselves utilize a drive that
     is  inertialess, and displays its special effects as rainbow
     streamers at the stern of the ship.

Stewart,  Ian.   Novelettes: Captives Of The Slavestone. A super-
     luminal  ship  is  used  in order to reach the planet by the
     explorers and the traders.  However, the explorer's technol-
     ogy  quickly  withered away and was replaced by a technology
     based  on  plants.   Due  to  this  technology,  along  with
     wormholes,  the  plants  allow  the  people to use gates and
     ansibles in an organic form.

     (  q.v.  Ansibles-Books, Gates-Books: Stewart, Ian: Captives
     Of The Slavestone. )

Turtledove,  Harry.   Novellas:  6+.  In this novella, mention is
     made  of  a  stardrive,  but  none of the inner workings are
     explained.   It is mentioned that as an emergency measure, a
     sublight drive can be used.

     ( q.v. Sublight-Books: Turtledove, Harry: 6+. )

Vance,  Jack.   Demon  Prince  series:  Star  King,  The  Killing
     Machine,  The  Palace Of Love, The Face, The Book Of Dreams.
     An 'intersplit' drive, technically called the Jarnell Drive,
     is  used  to  make  the  ship  go superluminal.  A substance
     called 'space-foam' is whorled into a spindle; the pointed
     ends crack and split the foam,  which  has  no  inertia; the
     ship inside the whorl is insulated  from  the  effects of the
     universe; the slightest force propels it at an unthinkable
     rate. Light curls through the  whorl,  we  have  the  illusion
     of  seeing the passing universe.
                              - 16 -


     Therefore, if someone were to carry a small unit like this on
     his person,  they would become invisible and a single breath
     would be capable of drifting a million miles in a single
     breath.  There is some  talk  in  the books on how to find out
     where you are if you become lost.  It is suggested that you
     travel normal to the plane of  the  galaxy  until  you can see
     the galaxy entirely, and then search  for  landmarks.   There
     was also mention of missiles that were equipped with a Jarnell
     drive, but the missiles could not be made  to exit the
     'intersplit' at the right time with much reliability. Also,
     mention is made of an ansible in this series.

     ( q.v. Ansibles-Books: Vance, Jack: Demon Prince series. )

Vance,  Jack.  Rialto The Marvellous. The castle, through the use
     of magic, is able to obtain faster-than-light speeds.

Watson,  Ian.   God's World. Humans travel at superluminal speeds
     by  a  drive  shaped like a pyramid that aliens had given to
     them.  Apparently sex gives off gravity waves, and the drive
     is  linked  to  an  enormous alien psychic parasite, and the
     drive is possibly the parasite's telekinesis.

Wren,  M.K.   The  Phoenix  Rebellion  series: Sword Of The Lamb,
     Shadow  Of The Swan, House Of The Wolf. A hyperdrive is used
     powered by matter / anti-matter annihilation.  Later this is
     replaced  by  matter transmission.  ( Anyone care to fill in
     more of the details? )

Zahn,  Timothy.   Novellas: Cascade Point, Evidence Of Things Not
     Seen.  A  "Colloton  field" is generated around a stationary
     ship.  While in this field, small real rotations of the ship
     produce  huge  displacements of the ship's position in real-
     space,  measured  in  light  years.   There are only certain
     locations  at  which  this  works correctly; they are called
     "cascade  points."  The  ships  must use a sublight drive to
     travel from one point to the next.  In the stories, the Col-
     loton  drive is used commercially, but not fully understood,
     and  as  such,  ships  are  known  to  simply  disappear.  A
     poorly-understood side-effect of the drive is that while the
     Colloton field is engaged, images of the crew and passengers
     that  appear  are  apparently alternate-universe versions of
     them.   This  is unsettling to most people; for that reason,
     everyone but the pilot of the ship is drugged during cascade
     rotations.

Zahn,  Timothy.   Warhorse.  "Space  Horses"  were  discovered, a
     life-form  that  lives in space, and feeds on elements found
     in  small  asteroids.  They have the ability to jump instan-
     taneously from star-system to star-system, and although they
     are  non-sapient,  they  can be tamed.  A ship tethered to a
     horse  goes  with  it  when it jumps.  Why the horses can do
     what they do is not understood, but that doesn't stop intel-
     ligent beings from making use of them.
                              - 17 -


Zindell,  David.  Neverness. The drive used here allows the ships
     to travel through 'Manifolds'.  To get from one place to the
     other,  the  pilot  must construct theorems and proofs using
     symbols  while  at  a  reduced  time-sense.   New situations
     require  the  pilot  to  think  very fast in order to get an
     appropriate theorem.

2.2.  Games

2300 AD.  An follow up to the game, Twilight 2000, the drive used
     called  the  'stutterwarp'  creates  little jumps within the
     space-time continuum. These jumps are usually 100-200m quan-
     tum jumps which gives the ship the illusion of flickering or
     stuttering  forward.  The tunnelling or jumping that is per-
     formed  is  repeated  millions  of  time  per second. Unfor-
     tunately, within a gravity field greater than 1/10000th of a
     gee, the efficiency of the drive drops to 0.01%.  Therefore,
     a ship trying to jump from Earth ( Terra ), would have to be
     2.4  Astronomical  Units  from the Sun, not allowing for the
     possibilities  of  planets  close  to  the  ship.   This  is
     apparently  one  of  the  only  superluminal drives based on
     existing  physical concept.  Similar drive ( but without the
     gravity  problem  ) can be found in the "Flandry" series, by
     Poul Anderson.

     ( q.v. Superluminal-Books: Anderson, Poul: Flandry series. )

Battletech.  In this game the Kearney-Fuchida jump drive is used,
     being  named  after its inventors.  Composed of two parts, a
     drive  core  and a drive sail, this jump drive has a maximum
     effective range of approximately 30 light years and will not
     work at all if the ship is within a gravity well.  The drive
     sail is made from a highly absorbent material and is able to
     direct  energy  that  it  picks  up  into the drive core.  A
     titanium/germanium  alloy suspended in a long tube of liquid
     hydrogen,  the drive core absorbs great amounts of energy in
     order to make the necessary jump.  The jump is made possible
     by  using  the  stored  energy to travel through jump points
     that  exist  only  at  the  apex and nadir ( north and south
     poles  ) of a star.  Sublight travel is needed to get to and
     from  this point, and there are no known naturally occurring
     jump points other than those at the apex and nadir of stars.

     ( q.v. Sublight-Games: Battletech.  )

Cyborg  Commandos.   ( I heard that there actually was a descrip-
     tion using Tensor Calculus on how it works. Anyone? )

Expendables,  Stellar  Games.  In this game, the most modern form
     of  hyperdrive  was sold uniquely by a group called The Com-
     pany,  who  also regulated the fuel used for the drive.  The
     fact  that  the  drive  itself was a container for a bizarre
     alien  creature that lived around the event horizon of black
     holes,  and  developed an ability to warp between two points
                              - 18 -


     in space as a natural ability.  The larger the creature, the
     larger  the  ship  that  it  could transport.  Also need was
     hardware to translate the computer co-ordinates into signals
     that  the  creature  could  understand and thereby guide the
     creature to where they wanted to go. The creatures had to be
     continually  fed  with a fuel only made at the event horizon
     of  a  black  hole,  with  a  larger amount being fed to the
     creature  at  time of the jump.  The shipowners were totally
     unaware of the nature of their drive.

GURPS  Space.  Hyperdrives.   This is a class of drives where the
     ship  travels  for  finite durations through a space that is
     not  realspace.  Ships  can usually navigate and maneuver in
     hyperspace,  but  they  are  unable to perceive or otherwise
     effect anything in realspace.  The transit time through this
     dimension  may  be  different  from the time measured in the
     home dimension.

GURPS  Space.  Jump Drives.  This class of drives instantaneously
     transmits  the object through great distances, and automati-
     cally  precludes  any  maneuvering  while going faster-than-
     light  as  the  amount of time at that speed is not perceiv-
     able.  Depending on the campaign setting, the starting point
     and the destination point may be limited.

GURPS  Space.  Warp Drives.  This class of drives circumvents the
     lightspeed  barrier  during  travel through realspace.  This
     type  of  a  ship  is able to perceive and effect the 'real'
     universe even though it is going at superluminal speeds, and
     thus  is  able  to maneuver and navigate with no problems in
     realspace.

Renegade  Legion.   A  tachyon  drive  is  used where the ship is
     accelerated to a speed just short of that of light by a sub-
     light  drive,  and  then  activating the tachyon drive.  The
     ship  is then transferred to T-space and travels at an angle
     perpendicular  to  the  normal  space.   There seems to be a
     limit if one month in T-space before fatal problems arise.

Spacemaster,  ICE.  The drive used in this game uses a drive that
     opens  a  gate  to  hyperspace,  an  action  that  is called
     'hypershunting' and an action that requires a lot of energy.
     Once  the pathway is open and the ship has crossed over into
     hyperspace,  the  ship is safe.  The critical points are the
     entrance  and  the  exit  into  hyperspace, with most errors
     being  the  drive  not functioning at all, but some make the
     ship jump in a totally unpredictable manner.  When in hyper-
     space,  the  'relative  inertial  field generator' creates a
     field  around  the  ship  that protects it and its occupants
     from  hyperspace.   While the field also negates the theorem
     of increasing mass while approaching the speed of light, use
     of this feature to hypershunt can result in the ship getting
     totally  destroyed.   The  energy  needed  to  hypershunt is
     created  by the controlled use of antimatter which is called
                              - 19 -


     Andrium  in  the  game.   In  the game, Andrium is sold by a
     monopole,  and has a habit of deteriorating within 100 days.
     The  conversion  process can sometimes become dangerous, and
     hence  most of the ships end up placing their drives in nas-
     celles  to  allow  for  easy jettisoning.  The speed that is
     travelled  in  the hyperspace is in direct proportion to the
     amount  of space that is alotted for engines.  A speed of 10
     light  years  per  day  is  reasonable,  but  the  amount of
     antimatter  needed  for engines larger than that often makes
     the engine explode more readily.

Spelljammer.   The Spelljammer Helm is used here, and is included
     for  completeness.   This  drive  is  magical in nature, and
     allows  the  ship  in question to travel through space.  All
     laws suspended here.

Star  Frontiers  -  Alpha Dawn.  This version of the game uses an
     unspecified drive that allows the ship in question to travel
     at speeds of up to one light year per day.

Star  Frontiers  -  Knight  Hawks.  This game uses an interesting
     idea of how to get into hyperspace.  Using either the atomic
     or  ion drives described in the Sublight-Games section under
     the  same subject, the ship undergoes constant acceleration.
     Upon hitting 12 million kilometres per hour, the ship enters
     a  hyperspace  known as 'the Void', with any deceleration at
     all  making  the ship reappear in realspace, great distances
     from  where  it  left.  By carefully coordinating the time (
     usually  3 to 15 seconds ) and the direction of the ship, it
     is  possible  to  navigate the ship to the desired location.
     The  only  quirk  about 'the Void' is that time is very dis-
     torted and space does not seem to exist in 'the Void'.

     ( q.v. Sublight-Games: Star Frontiers - Knight Hawks.  )

Star Wars.  See the entry under the Star Wars Trilogy.

     (  q.v.  Superluminal-Movies and Television: Star Wars Tril-
     ogy.  )

Traveller,  MegaTraveller.   In these games ( MegaTraveller being
     the redone edition ), drives that are mistakenly called jump
     drives  are used.  The ships in question really use a hyper-
     drive  as the ship goes into another dimension where it goes
     to a corresponding point that represents its position in the
     normal  universe.   This transition is made using high ener-
     gies  created  by a very high yield fusion power plant which
     route  the created energy into an integral net for the dura-
     tion  of  the  voyage.  While in realspace, the power to the
     integral  net allows the ship to transfer to the hyperspace,
     that  is  referred  to as jumpspace, use in this system, and
     while  in  hyperspace,  the  net creates a containment field
     that  allows  normal  physical  laws  to be retained, as the
     hyperspace  has  other  laws.  These laws are so varied that
                              - 20 -


     closeness  to  the  integral  net  can result in insanity or
     death, and some species are totally unable to exist, even in
     a  protective field, with hyperspace.  The maximum jump dis-
     tance that has been built into the drives and is Jump6, that
     is  to  say that the ship can reliably jump 6 parsecs.  Mis-
     calculations  and impure fuel can cause misjumps that are in
     a  random  direction and can be as great of a distance as 36
     parsecs.  Every jump takes approximately 168 hours ( plus or
     minus 10% ) no matter how far the ship moves.  The amount of
     fuel  consumed  for  the jump is proportional to the mass of
     the vessel and the distance to be jumped as the integral net
     must  be  charged  and the drives must have enough energy to
     ensure  a  safe  journey  to the destination.  One important
     concept is that a ship should not enter jumpspace near grav-
     ity  wells.  Any violation of this usually leads to misjumps
     which  will place the ship at a wrong destination, damage to
     the ship and/or the crew, effect the time needed for a jump,
     or destroy the ship totally.  If a ship is not only within a
     gravity  well,  but also very close to a gravity source, the
     ship  will  be  attracted  to  that source, usually emerging
     within  100  diameters  away from the mass.  Once a ship has
     entered  jumpspace,  the  only  way to abort the jump is the
     destruction  of  the  ship.   Passengers  may travel through
     jumpspace  either fully animated, or in suspended animation.
     In  order  to get to places where the effects of gravity are
     not that noticeable, sublight drives are used.

     ( q.v. Sublight-Games: Traveller, MegaTraveller.  )

Universe.   Each  jump ship contains a psionic navigation officer
     and  the  jump  grid  which is a grid of magnetic monopoles.
     The  navigation officer pictures the destination and imposes
     this  on  the  grid.   As  the grid changes, the ship jumps.
     This is really bad if done in a gravity well and the naviga-
     tor stands a chance of getting psionic backlash.

Warhammer  40,000.   Like  other  methods,  this  one uses a warp
     space.   The  main difference is that the warp space used is
     like a fluid.  Thus, in order to go from point A to point B,
     you  need to catch a current and ride that current.  A point
     of  interest  is  that  there are physical landmarks in this
     version  of  warp space.  As there are no landmarks, psychic
     Navigators  are used in order to locate psychic beacons that
     have been set up.  The problem with this is that only people
     from the Navigator families that have the Navigator gene are
     able  to  do  this.   In  order  to keep the psychic beacons
     activating,  thousands  of lives each day must be sacrificed
     in  order  to  keep them going.  If this was not complicated
     enough,  a  species  called  'Warp Demons' lives in the warp
     space and want to take over the normal universe.
                              - 21 -


2.3.  Movies and Television

Battlestar Galactica.  The ships are able to move at superluminal
     velocities  by  using  a  Maron drive.  This drive creates a
     field  around  the  ship  which  allows for great velocities
     inside  of  the  field.  A chemical fuel, tylium, is used in
     order  to  generate  the  enormous  power needed to make the
     field work.

Blake's  7.  A time-distort, or time-dilation system is used that
     distorts  the  space-time  continuum while a plasma drive is
     utilized for the travel itself.  The result is that the bub-
     ble goes faster-than-light with the ship encased within.

Doctor  Who.   The  TARDIS, a vessel that is transdimensional, is
     able  to  travel  through  the  use of the time-vortex.  The
     vessel  itself  only  exists  as  an inner dimension, and an
     outer appearance is normally maintained when the ship is not
     going  through  the time-vortex.  As the outside of the ship
     does  not  technically  exist,  it is easy for the vessel to
     move  quickly throughout the universe as it does not have to
     observe  the  rules  regarding  the  speed  of  light.  This
     requires a massive power source, like that gained by arrest-
     ing a black hole.

Dune.   Unlike  the  book,  in  the  movies, humans who have been
     genetically  altered  for  a higher psychic capability using
     the  spice Melange, are able to change the physical location
     of an object by simply wishing it to go somewhere else.

     ( q.v. Superluminal-Books: Herbert, Frank: Dune. )

Explorers.  In this movie, the kids dream up and create a genera-
     tor  that  causes  an inertialess bubble to be created.  The
     kids then build the ship from scrap parts.

Last  Starfighter.   The  StarDrive  that is used here allows the
     vessel  to  cover great distances in really short amounts of
     time.  Doppler red shift is included. ( Anyone? )

Planet of the Apes series: Planet Of The Apes, Beneath The Planet
     Of The Apes, Escape From The Planet Of The Apes, Conquest Of
     The  Planet  Of The Apes, Battle For The Planet Of The Apes.
     The  ship  that is used in the movies seems to be capable of
     faster-than-light  travel,  or  sublight travel with a time-
     dilation  effect.   It is used in order to get to the future
     planet  Earth,  and  the two intelligent chimpanzees use the
     drive  to  get back to the past in order to try and stop the
     holocaust.

Robotech.   There  are  three types of drives that are used.  The
     first  two are part of the same drive.  The 'SpaceFold' sys-
     tem  uses the drive as a one shot jump, and the superluminal
     drive  uses  this  reaction  on  a  continuous  basis.   The
                              - 22 -


     'protoculture' that is used to power the drive is mixed with
     magnetic  monopole  ore,  the result being the creation of a
     fold  in  space.   The  ship  then jumps across the fold and
     arrives  at  the  new point.  The spores from a plant called
     the  'Flower  of  Life', can also be placed in a sealed con-
     tainer  at  a given pressure.  As a result, cell division is
     arrested and the resulting heat is transferred into electri-
     cal energy.  The side effect is that the machines that util-
     ize this energy gain a form of semi-sentience in the form of
     reflexes.   The  third type of drive uses a mutant strain of
     the Flower of Life called the 'Ur' flower.  The two setbacks
     of this drive are that people age while the drive is operat-
     ing,  and  that  only the beings from the planet that the Ur
     flowers  come  from  can  activate  the flower and hence the
     drive.   The  beings  must touch the flower before it is put
     into the engine, as opposed to the Flower of Life where any-
     one  with  a matrix can make protoculture from the Flower of
     Life.   The  first  drive  can  also  be called a hyperjaunt
     drive,  the  second  is  a  fold-jump  drive, with the third
     definitely  being  superluminal.  It is unclear if the fold-
     jump drive is actually repetitions of the first drive, or if
     the  ship  goes  into  a  hyperspace  where  there are time-
     dilation effects.

Star  Trek,  The  Original Series.  By placing a ship inside of a
     'warp bubble', that is a field where the ship can break cer-
     tain laws of physics as we know them, the ship can break the
     lightspeed  barrier.  Warp  speed is Warp Factor cubed times
     the  speed  of light, with the 'warp bubble' being generated
     around  the entire ship using the warp drive nacelles on the
     back of the ship.

Star Trek, the Next Generation.  Like the original Star Trek, but
     faster.   Due  to  technological  advances,  the ship can be
     placed in alternating warp fields to gain a theoretical max-
     imum  of  100,000  times  the speed of light.  Warp speed is
     figured  at  the  Warp  Factor quintupled times the speed of
     light,  that  is  to  say that theoretically, Warp 10 is the
     fastest speed possible.

Star  Wars  series: Star Wars, The Empire Strikes Back, Return Of
     The  Jedi.  Uses  the idea of a hyperspace where some of the
     laws of the universe are reversed, in particular, ships can-
     not  travel  slower than the speed of light.  Therefore, all
     hyperspace-capable  starcraft have a device called a 'hyper-
     space  motivator'  which  shifts  the  ship into hyperspace.
     Objects  that  exist in realspace have an analogue in hyper-
     space,  except  for  a realspace object that is currently in
     hyperspace.   This  makes  navigation incredibly complex and
     navigational  computers ( nav'puters ) are used to calculate
     the pathways before a hyperspatial-jump.
                              - 23 -


3.  Sublight Spaceflight

3.1.  Books

Anderson,  Poul.  Tau Zero. Sublight travel is achieved including
     a time-dilation factor.

Burroughs,  Edgar Rice.  Mars series.  Rays that controlled grav-
     ity were used and were kept in tanks.

Card,  Orson  Scott.   Ender's  Game,  Speaker  For The Dead, The
     Worthing  Saga.  The use of sublight, relativistic travel is
     shown  here,  complete  with the time-dilation effects.  The
     drive  itself  allows  the ship to go to speeds near that of
     that  of light and then back, making trips subjectively take
     weeks.   Due  to this, Ender Wiggins of the first two books,
     and  Jason Worthing of the last book have lived long as they
     have spent a lot of time in transit.  They also use an ansi-
     ble, but not much about it is ever known.

     (  q.v.  Ansible-Books:  Card,  Orson  Scott:  Ender's Game,
     Speaker For The Dead. )

Chandler,  Bertram A.  Rimworld series.  Uses a Mannschenn drive.
     ( Anyone? )

Clarke,  Arthur  C.   Imperial Earth. Uses the 'Asymptotic Drive'
     which  keeps  a  charged  quantum  black  hole  in the drive
     chamber  using magnetic fields.  Gas pumped into the chamber
     is  sucked  into  the black hole which in turn emits photons
     which  excite  the remaining gas.  The gas molecules fly out
     the  drive  outlet  making  a very efficient reaction drive.
     Obsolete due to Hawking's work on black hole evaporation.  (
     Ed.  Note:  I  believe this depends on the size of the black
     hole. )

Clarke,  Arthur  C.  The Wind From The Sun. In this book, a light
     sail  is used in order to propel the ship.  As there is very
     little  to  get in your way once you get moving, the idea is
     to build up the ships velocity over time.

Dick,  Philip  K.  The Unteleported Man. This story is based on a
     colony  planet where you can teleport to the planet, but are
     unable  to  teleport  back.  The title character sets off to
     the colony by way of a sublight ship.

Forward, Robert.  Rocheworld. A solar sail is used with the sun's
     light being concentrated by a laser and a detachable part is
     used as a brake when the destination is reached.

Heinlein,  Robert  A.  Future History. In one of the Lazarus Long
     stories  an  inertialess  drive is used to go just under the
     speed of light.
                              - 24 -


Heinlein,  Robert A.  Methuselah's Children. The type of sublight
     used here was one that made the ship inertialess and allowed
     the  Howards  to  escape the solar system.  This operated on
     the principle that when the ship lost all inertia, the light
     pressure  of  the  Sun  would kick it away at just under the
     speed  of  light.   This was made possible by Andrew Jackson
     Libby.

     ( q.v. Superluminal-Books: Heinlein, Robert A.: Methuselah's
     Children. )

Heinlein,  Robert  A.  Rocketship Galileo. This drive uses a type
     of  drive that is called a Nerva system.  Instead of using a
     fission  plant  to  turn a turbine, the superheated fluid is
     used as a propulsive jet.

Heinlein,  Robert  A.   Time  For  The  Stars. Sublight travel is
     achieved with time-dilation being taken into effect communi-
     cation is achieved by the use of ESP.

Kusnick, Gregory.  Short Stories: Chrysalis. In this short story,
     a  generation  ship, powered by a Bussard ramjet, is used to
     travel from Earth to Tau Ceti.  The shields from the Bussard
     ramjet  are  also used to protect the ship from the exhaust,
     but  also  have  a  side-effect of blocking any transmission
     that  is  occurring from parts of the universe in the direc-
     tion of the shields.

Manzione,  Joseph.   Novelettes:  Candle  In  A Cosmic Wind. This
     story  uses two types of sublight vehicles.  The first type,
     the  landers,  are  simple  hydrogen-fuelled, fusion-powered
     landing  vessels.  The cruisers, the second type of vehicle,
     use  a  modified  Bussard  ramjet for their propulsion.  The
     engines  work by using the hydrogen / antihydrogen annihila-
     tion  reaction  and  ejecting  the resultant muons and pions
     through a divergent magnetic container for thrust.  In order
     to  fuel  this engine, several tanks of hydrogen and several
     tanks  of  electrostatically suspended antihydrogen are car-
     ried  on  the  ship.  The ships in question actually operate
     with  two engines tethered on a twenty kilometre cable, with
     the  command  module,  tanks,  and  landers  attached to the
     cable,  and  shields in between the engines and these items.
     When  accelerating,  the  lead engine fires with the shields
     protecting  the  modules  and  landers from gamma radiation.
     Protection   from   interstellar  dust  and  micrometers  is
     obtained  by  diverting  their kinetic energy into a ferrous
     fluid  compound  and  spraying a screen of droplets ahead of
     the ship.  When decelerating, the command module and shields
     are shifted around and the trailing engine fires against its
     current  trajectory.   In order to gain protection from some
     of  the  small  particles that are emitted, thin lightweight
     layers  of  plastic film are used, as well as the empty fuel
     tanks  being  ground up into find dust and shot ahead of the
     ship  at  0.9 times the speed of light in order to clear the
                              - 25 -


     way  of  larger  particles.  In  the  novelette, an accident
     occurs  with the ground up tanks and causes a catastrophe on
     Earth.

McCollum,  Michael.   Lifeprobe,  Procyon's  Promise. In order to
     provide  propulsion  an  nuclear  fusion  drive is used that
     makes  use  of  a  catalysed reaction using antimatter mini-
     black holes.

     (  q.v.  Superluminal-Books:  McCollum, Michael.  Lifeprobe,
     Procyon's Promise. )

Niven, Larry and Pournelle, Jerry.  Footfall. Uses ORIONs to push
     the ship along.

Niven,  Larry.   Known  Space  series/universe:  At The Core, The
     Borderland  Of  Sol,  The  Ethics  Of  Madness,  Flatlander,
     Ringworld,  The  Ringworld  Engineers,  The World Of Ptaavs.
     Before  the  superluminal  drives were used, most ships used
     either  Bussard  ramjets  or  simple  chemical rockets.  The
     ships  that  used  the  simple  chemical rockets were called
     slowboats,  often  carried  entire  colonies and took a very
     long time in order to reach their destination.

     ( q.v. Superluminal-Books: Niven, Larry: Known Space series.
     )

Niven,  Larry.  A World Out Of Time. Not part of his famous Known
     Space  universe,  this book uses an undescribed form of sub-
     light  travel,  with  the pilot being in suspended animation
     for  the  entire flight.  As the story progresses, the pilot
     ends  up in an asymptotic orbit around the galactic core and
     his  ship  lands  on  a  planet,  three million years in the
     future.   It  is unclear if this is due to natural time pro-
     gression, or due to time-dilation effects.

Rackham, John.  The Proxima Project. The ship is propelled by the
     overbalancing  of inertia.  A massive piston moves down very
     slowly and up very quickly... thousands of times per second.
     The  result  is  the  ship  that houses the piston begins to
     rise.  Think of being in a canoe. It is possible to move the
     canoe by leaning back very slowly and then move forward with
     a  big  jerk.   This  drive,  while feasible for atmospheric
     travel, does not work in space due to the fact that in order
     for  the above to work, an appropriate frictional surface or
     medium is needed.  It can further be argued that most of the
     generated energy in a medium would go to heating the vessel.

Rowley,  Christopher.   The  Founder,  The  Black  Ship,  War For
     Eternity.  These  books used Bussard ramjets on very large (
     over  1  km  long ) starships that were made out of stressed
     ice.   These  ships  seemed  to  have an average velocity of
     approximately 0.7c.
                              - 26 -


     (  q.v.  Ansible-Books, Superluminal-Books: Rowley, Christo-
     pher: The Founder, The Black Ship, War For Eternity. )

Rowley,  Christopher.  Starhammer, Vang: The Military Form, Vang:
     The  Battlemaster.  These books used Bussard ramjets on very
     large  (  over  1  km long ) starships that were made out of
     stressed  ice.   These ships seemed to have an average velo-
     city  of approximately 0.7c.  This was used mainly by humans
     for colonization.

     (  q.v.  Ansible-Books, Superluminal-Books: Rowley, Christo-
     pher:   Starhammer,  Vang:  The  Military  Form,  Vang:  The
     Battlemaster. )

Sheffield,  Charles.  Between The Strokes Of Night. After experi-
     menters  in  sleep research discover a stable metabolic rate
     which  is 2000 times slower than normal for humans, and call
     this  state of being, S-Space.  This rate is accomplished by
     placing  the  people  into  a  supercooled state for travel,
     which  also  subjectively  increases  their  lifespan due to
     their  supercooled  state.   Therefore,  people  lower there
     metabolic  rates and go into to S-Space, travel at 0.1 times
     the speed of light, and get to the next solar system in only
     a month instead of 100-200 years.  As well, since everything
     is  slowed  down,  only  supplies for a month are necessary.
     The  problem  is that only the metabolic rates of the people
     in  the  ship  are  changed,  the  laws  of  the surrounding
     universe  are  not.  This  necessitates  the near absence of
     gravity  aboard the ship as a 1G fall would be instantaneous
     to  a  person  in  S-Space.   While,  from  the  traveller's
     viewpoint,  the  ship  seems  to be going faster-than-light,
     sublight speeds are used with a form of suspended animation.
     The  "immortals" in the book also use suspended animation to
     make the transit time appear to be nothing.  There is also a
     reference  to  an  even slower subjective state in which one
     person  in that state watched the universe recontract in the
     "big crunch".  Of course, he couldn't communicate back.

Sheffield, Charles.  MacAndrew stories: The MacAndrew Chronicles.
     In  this  series, a sublight drive is used that uses quantum
     mechanical  vacuum energy, thus getting something from noth-
     ing.   Of  equal  interest is the feature used to compensate
     for inertia at high accelerations. The thrusters are mounted
     on  a huge disk of condensed matter with the living quarters
     on  a column behind this disk.  The distance from the living
     quarters  to  the  disk  is adjustable so that gravitational
     attraction  of  the  disk  matches the inertial force due to
     acceleration.

Smith,  E.E.  "Doc".   Spacehounds Of The IPC. A cosmic intake is
     used in order to allow the ship to move at sublight speeds.

Turtledove,  Harry.   Novellas:  6+. As an emergency measure, the
     stardrive  that  is  used  for  superluminal  travel  can be
                              - 27 -


     powered  by  a  light sail with the occupants of the ship in
     suspended animation for the trip back to civilization.

     ( q.v. Superluminal-Books: Turtledove, Harry: 6+. )

Vinge,  Joan  D.  The Snow Queen. Apparently sublight drives were
     used as the travel took several years, and the accessibility
     of the paths depended on astronomical cycles.

Vinge,  Vernor.   Marooned In Realtime. The "bobbles" are perfect
     spherical  time  stasis fields.  They have numerous applica-
     tions;  one of them is to encase a ship in one, then explode
     a  series  of  atom-bombs  next  to  it,  like  ORIONs.  The
     passengers   are  completely  insulated  from  the  effects,
     including the massive acceleration, due to the stasis field.
     The  time  stasis  results in a vastly reduced perception of
     travel  time,  so  it  is  suitable  for *long* interstellar
     trips.

3.2.  Games

Battletech.   In  this  game,  jump drives are used, but sublight
     drives  are  needed  in  order to travel to the jump points.
     Three  main  types  of  drives were used for this, the three
     drives  being  chemical  fuel drives, solid fuel drives, and
     fusion  (  EMH  or  Electro-Magnetic  Hydrogen mass reaction
     drives ).

     ( q.v. Superluminal-Games: Battletech.  )

Star  Frontiers  - Knight Hawks.  In order to move the ships to a
     velocity  where  the  ship will enter hyperspace, one of two
     sublight  drives  must be used.  The ion drive is a standard
     ion drive, and uses very little fuel, and the atomic fission
     drive  is  a  standard  atomic  drive, using the energy from
     split  atoms  for  thrust.   These drives have the draw back
     that  they  must  be  mounted  on struts, with the exception
     being  a  ship  with  the  atomic drive and the crew wearing
     radiation suits.  A third type of sublight drive, a chemical
     drive  is  used,  but  it is unable to provide the necessary
     thrust to allow the ship to enter hyperspace.

     ( q.v. Superluminal-Games: Star Frontiers - Knight Hawks.  )

Traveller,  MegaTraveller.   In  order  to reach places where the
     jump  drives  can  be  activated,  sublight drives are used.
     These  appear  in two varieties.  The first type of drive is
     an  anti-gravity drive, that is to say that it pushes itself
     away  from  gravity  fields.  The problem with this drive is
     that  it  loses  power away from strong gravity fields.  The
     other  type  of  drive is the 'thruster' drive, a drive that
     creates  a  field  that interacts with 'thruster plates' and
     this interaction causes the ship to move, and is total reac-
     tionless.
                              - 28 -


     ( q.v. Superluminal-Games: Traveller, MegaTraveller.  )
                              - 29 -


4.  Gates And Teleportation

4.1.  Books

Bertin.   A  drug  reminiscent of LSD is used to unleash the full
     power of the human brain and teleportation across interstel-
     lar  distances becomes possible.  ( Ed. Note. Submitted like
     this.  Anyone? )

Bester,  Alfred.  The Stars My Destination. People in society use
     trainable psychic power in order to teleport to their desti-
     nation.   They have to be able to visualize the destination,
     otherwise  you  would  'blue jaunt' and teleport into a wall
     and explode.  Unique in the fact that to prevent burglary to
     houses,  mazes  were  built  behind  the  doors  so that the
     thieves  would  not ever get into the house and therefore be
     able to teleport in and out at will.

Blish,  James.  Cities In Flight series; Okie stories: They Shall
     Have  Stars.  The series makes use of the Dirac Radio, where
     all  communications would be heard simultaneously everywhere
     in  the universe.  With a properly tuned Dirac, it is possi-
     ble to hear conversations that are 100 years into the future
     as  well as 100 years into the past.  ( Ed. Note: Apparently
     he explored the ramifications of the Dirac in a short story,
     but  the  submitter could not remember the title.  Anyone? )
     Use  was  also  made  of  the Ultraphone, which used obscure
     phase  relationships and mechanics of normal radios in order
     to get propogation speeds approximating 1.25c.

     (  q.v.  Superluminal-Books: Blish, James.  Cities In Flight
     series; Okie stories: )

Brunner,  John.   The Infinitive Of Go. Based around a teleporta-
     tion  device  called  the poster which sends objects through
     rho-space.  It has a slight flaw however that when conscious
     beings are posted they arrive in the correct destination but
     in  a  parallel world.  The amount of divergence between the
     source  and  destination  worlds is proportional to the dis-
     tance travelled.

Chalker,  Jack.   Soul  Rider  series:  Spirits Of Flux & Anchor,
     Empires Of Flux & Anchor, Masters Of Flux & Anchor, Birth Of
     Flux  &  Anchor,  Children  Of  Flux & Anchor. The gates are
     maintained by large computers that are capable of digitizing
     large  amounts  of  mass  and then blasting them through the
     'Flux'  and  the having them reconstructed on the other side
     by  an  equally  powerful  computer.   A  description of the
     'Flux' is given in the Superluminal section.

     ( q.v. Superluminal-Books: Chalker, Jack: Soul Rider series.
     )
                              - 30 -


Cherryh,  C.J.   Morgaine  series.  The gates used in this series
     were created by a powerful race of beings, and the gates not
     only  span  space,  but  also  time.   These  gates  work by
     disassembling  the  object at one end, saving the pattern of
     the  atomic  composition  of  the  object, and the other end
     reassembles  the  object using this pattern.  As the pattern
     is recognized as part of the gate process, it is possible to
     save  this  pattern  so that you may always come back as the
     pattern  says  you look. This will reverse any aging as well
     as  healing any injuries that were sustained, as long as the
     injuries  were  not too severe.  While this process may seem
     to  circumvent the usual debate surrounding the transmission
     of  matter and the soul or essence, this is taken care of as
     the  essence  of the being is trapped, to be returned to the
     body  after  the  gate  is  finished  with  reassembling the
     being's body.  Because of this fact, it is possible to steal
     someone else's body, as well as their memories and personal-
     ity  quirks.   When the creators of the gates were using the
     gates,  the  accidentally set off a Moebius loop, destroying
     the  universe  as  they  knew it.  The Qhal, the race of the
     principle  character  Morgaine,  found one of these gates on
     one of the dead worlds of their solar system and learned how
     to  make  more.  Becoming almost as advanced as the previous
     gate  makers,  they  too  started a Moebius loop, destroying
     their  part of the universe.  The series concentrates on the
     efforts  of  Morgaine to destroy all of the gates, using the
     knowledge  of the elder race gained from her father.  If she
     does  not  destroy all of the gates, there would be a chance
     of the cycle repeating itself once more.

Clarke, Arthur C.  2001, 2010. A cosmic gate is used.  ( Any more
     description anyone? )

DeChancie,  John.   Starrigger  books.   The  gates  used in this
     series  of  books are in the form of an interstellar highway
     built by an unknown power.  Roads across the planets lead to
     giant,  rotating,  levitating  cylinders  which  bracket the
     road.   Vehicles  travelling  in  the  right speed range are
     instantly  teleported to a similar pair of such cylinders on
     another  planet.   The  process is not reversible, so people
     are  reluctant  to  map  unexplored areas for fear that they
     will not be able to get home.

Donaldson, Stephen R.  Mirror Of Her Dreams, A Man Rides Through.
     In these books, mirrors are used as gates.  ( Anyone care to
     expand on this? )

Feist,  Raymond.   The  Riftwar Saga series: Magician Apprentice,
     Magician  Master,  Darkness At Sethanon. An interdimensional
     rift  exists  between the worlds which magicians are able to
     traverse.

Gemmell,  David.   Sipstrassi  Tales  series:  Wolf In Shadow/The
     Jerusalem  Man,  Ghost  King,  Last Sword Of Power, The Last
                              - 31 -


     Guardian. The power of the magical Sipstrassi Stones is used
     to  open gates between different places and times. The gates
     are  direct  connections,  everything passes through in both
     ways including light and gravity.

Harrison,  Harry.  One Step From Earth. This book is a collection
     of stories using a "matter transmitter" that forms a gateway
     between  one  place and the other.  ( Ed. Note. I forget the
     details on how it worked.  Anyone? )

Harrison,  Harry.   Star Smashers Of The Galaxy Rangers. A space-
     opera spoof, particularly of the Skylark series; uses a sub-
     stance  called 'cheddite' derived by cyclotronic bombardment
     of  cheddar  cheese  to  power  a teleportation device.  The
     cheddite  projector  emits  kappa radiation which drops any-
     thing  in  its  field  in  to the lambda dimension, which is
     much,  much smaller than our dimension, meaning that a small
     movement  there  corresponds  to a massive distance once the
     ship  returns to our dimension.  The inventors put it into a
     747  (  sealed  against  vacuum  ),  a flashlight, and other
     artifacts.  This book is strictly for fun.

Herbert, Frank.  The Dosadi Experiment, Whipping Star. These nov-
     els  use  gates  that  are controlled by sentient stars that
     have  a four-dimensional consciousness.  Also used were peo-
     ple possessing psionics, called psionicists, for the purpose
     of communication.  ( Ed.  Note: These were submitted without
     explanations. Anyone? )

     ( q.v. Ansible-Books: Herbert, Frank: The Dosadi Experiment,
     Whipping Star. )

Langford,  David.  The Space Eater. This book uses the concept of
     Anomalous Physics gates. Anomalous Physics devices vary fun-
     damental  constants  of  the  universe in order to get their
     desired  effect.   As  an  example,  imagine  E=m*c^2  as  c
     approaches  infinity.   The first Anomalous Physics gate was
     about 10 feet across; it eventually blew up ( taking half of
     North  America ) and causing ~10% of the stars in the Galaxy
     to simultaneously nova.  A safer version exists, but is only
     1.95  centimetres  across  -- they chop you into little bits
     and push you through.

Niven,  Larry.   Speculative  Essays:  The Theory And Practice Of
     Teleportation  This  form  of  travel  is definitely unique.
     Niven supposes a ship that has a teleport sender at one end,
     and a receiver at the other end.  In order to move, the ship
     repetitively teleports itself in front of itself.

Norton,  Andre.   Witchworld  series. The world in this series is
     all  full of gates. Most have to be activated, some are one-
     way.  They were left behind from long ago and the people who
     use them now don't really know how to.

                              - 32 -


O'Donnell  Jr.,  Kevin.   The  Journeys Of McGill Feighan series:
     Caverns,  Reefs,  Lava, Cliffs. In this series, there exists
     'Flingers', people charged with the duty of teleporting peo-
     ple  from  star  to star.  There are many interesting twists
     such  as  a  precise  mass cutoff while 'flinging', a strict
     maximum  on  the  number of 'flings' per day, as well as the
     fact  that a 'flinger' must have visited a place in order to
     Fling  someone else to it.  The 'Flinger' must go with cargo
     and  or passengers and the limit for extra weight is exactly
     918 kilograms.

Simmons,  Dan.   Hyperion, The Fall Of Hyperion. Gates were esta-
     blished by using 'singularity spheres' set up by ships trav-
     elling  at  faster-than-light speeds.  These spheres enabled
     the use of 'farcasters', interstellar distance teleport dev-
     ices  that allow for the instantaneous transfer of matter by
     simply  stepping  through a gate that is created by the dev-
     ice.   The system of these 'farcasters' is known as the Web,
     and the general impression is that each planet has an expen-
     sive piece of hardware in orbit that powers the gates on the
     planet below.

     (  q.v.  Ansible-Books,  Superluminal-Books:  Simmons,  Dan:
     Hyperion, The Fall Of Hyperion. )

Stasheff,  Christopher.  Warlock series.  Teleportation is accom-
     plished through the use of Extra-Sensory Perception, as well
     as through devices that provide transdimensional gateways.

Stewart,  Ian.   Novelettes:  Captives Of The Slavestone. In this
     novelette,  organic  matter-transmitters form gates that the
     local  people  refer  to as 'syntes'.  The idea is simple as
     the  bud of a plant remains linked to its parent by means of
     a  wormhole.   Therefore,  if  you  have  the right breed of
     plant, that is a plant with a big enough opening, you can go
     through  the  plant  to where its parent is in the case of a
     'synte'. Caution must be used though, as although travelling
     sideways  is  very  easy, travelling upwards is difficult as
     the  difference in gravitational potential is compressed and
     travelling  downwards  risks  the  chance  of  being torn to
     shreds  by tremendous tidal stresses.  This organic technol-
     ogy is also used to make some crude forms of ansibles.

     (  q.v.  Ansibles-Books,  Superluminal-Books:  Stewart, Ian:
     Captives Of The Slavestone. )

Van  Vogt, A.E.  The Arsenals Of Isher, The Weaponsmiths. Instan-
     taneous  matter transmission is used within the solar system
     by the arsenals.  A superluminal drive is also created later
     by someone working independently, but no details are given.

Zelazny, Roger.  Creatures Of Light And Darkness. In this book, a
     gate  is  used  for  travelling.   (  Anyone care to be more
     explicit? )
                              - 33 -


Zelazny, Roger.  Amber series.  In this universe, creation exists
     out  of  two  real lands, Amber and the Courts of Chaos.  In
     these  lands  are  the  two  primal powers, Order, seated in
     Amber,  and  Chaos, seated in the Courts of Chaos.  Both are
     represented  on  this level of existence by their emblems, a
     pattern  for  Order  and  a  shifting maze for Chaos.  These
     respective  emblems emit waves of Order and Chaos, and where
     these waves meet, the Shadows of Amber, the Courts and their
     inhabitants  are  created:  alternative universes, in a cer-
     tain  way.  All Shadows attempt to mimic their original, but
     never  do  so succesfully, hence the name Shadow.  Shadow is
     infinite, and everything exists as a Shadow.  Members of the
     royal  houses  of  Amber  and  the Courts can traverse their
     emblems  of  power  and  thus  gain power over a Shadow: the
     ability  to  pick  any  Shadow out of the infinity that they
     like,  and  then  travel to there, either by walking there (
     exchanging  your present Shadow for one closer to the target
     Shadow, until you reach your target ) or by trumping: making
     a  representation  of  your  target, and concentrating on it
     until  you  create  a  doorway  to  your  destination.   For
     instance,  travel from Earth to Mars would be done by either
     adapting  your  surroundings  till you arrive at Mars, or by
     using  a  picture of Mars, made by an initiate of an emblem,
     and concentrating on it.

Zelazny,  Roger.  Changeling, Madwand, Roadmarks. In these books,
     the  concept  of having a road that you can travel that goes
     between worlds is used.
                              - 34 -


5.  Ansibles And Other Communications Devices

5.1.  Books

Card,  Orson  Scott.  Ender's Game, Speaker For The Dead. Used an
     ansible  which  was  able to transport communications almost
     instantaneously.

     (  q.v.  Sublight-Books:  Card,  Orson  Scott: Ender's Game,
     Speaker For The Dead. )

Herbert,  Frank.   Dune, Dune Messiah. The communication is based
     on  the  work  of  Holtzmann.   The  one-dimensional effect,
     called  'Holtzmann Waves', creates catastrophic folds in the
     space-time continuum which produce long radio waves whenever
     they  impact  significant amounts of matter.  Therefore, you
     point your radio at the other person, the message is instan-
     taneously  transmitted,  no  matter how far the distance is,
     and  the  large  objects that are in the way end up emitting
     the  radio waves themselves.  The two-dimensional version of
     the  effect,  called  the  'Holtzmann  Shield' is used quite
     often   in   the  book.   The  three-dimensional  effect  is
     described  in detail under the same heading in the Book sec-
     tion of the Superluminal drive section.

     (   q.v.  Superluminal-Books:  Herbert,  Frank:  Dune,  Dune
     Messiah. )

Herbert, Frank.  The Dosadi Experiment, Whipping Star. These nov-
     els  use  psionicists, that is people with psionics, as com-
     munication  devices.  The  psionicists  who  are  capable of
     telepathy  are  used to communicate across interstellar dis-
     tances.   All  known telepaths are in the employ of the com-
     munications company.

     (   q.v.  Superluminal-Books:  Herbert,  Frank:  The  Dosadi
     Experiment, Whipping Star. )

LeGuin,  Ursula  K.   Hainish  novels: Rocannon's World, The Left
     Hand  Of  Darkness,  The Dispossessed. The author coined the
     term  ansible.  The technical definition of an ansible, that
     is  the one that was coined by the creator, is that there is
     a  communication device, one end of which is mobile, and the
     other end which must be firmly rooted within a gravity well.
     It  violates relativity by allowing instantaneous communica-
     tion across vast distances.

     (  q.v.  Superluminal-Books: LeGuin, Ursula K.  Hainish nov-
     els:  Rocannon's  World,  The  Left  Hand  Of  Darkness, The
     Dispossessed. )

Rowley,  Christopher.   The  Founder,  The  Black  Ship,  War For
     Eternity.  The  ansible  used in these books are called Deep
     Link,  and seems to utilize either black holes or wormholes.
                              - 35 -


     In  War  For  Eternity  the Arizel-ti-Fein move a black hole
     nearer to Fenrille to improve communications with Earth.

     (  q.v. Sublight-Books, Superluminal-Books: Rowley, Christo-
     pher: The Founder, The Black Ship, War For Eternity. )

Rowley,  Christopher.  Starhammer, Vang: The Military Form, Vang:
     The Battlemaster. Some form of ansible is used, however none
     is described.  One could speculate that the ansible is grav-
     itational based however.

     (  q.v. Sublight-Books, Superluminal-Books: Rowley, Christo-
     pher.   Starhammer,  Vang:  The  Military  Form,  Vang:  The
     Battlemaster. )

Sheffield,  Charles.   Between  The  Strokes  Of Night. As in the
     entry  under  sublight  drives and methods of communication,
     the  concept  of  S-space is used with respect to communica-
     tion.   As the metabolic rates are slowed down, the messages
     seems  to  take  days, not months and years, to get from the
     sender to the receiver.

Simmons, Dan.  Hyperion, The Fall Of Hyperion. The 'fatline' com-
     munication  system  that  is  used is a tachyon based system
     that is independent of the Web.

     (   q.v.   Superluminal-Books,  Gates-Books:  Simmons,  Dan:
     Hyperion, The Fall Of Hyperion. )

Smith,  E.E.  "Doc".   Lensman  series:  Children Of The Lens. In
     terms  of  communication, 'sub-etheric' vibrations ( in par-
     ticular,  thought  waves, but also numerous other examples )
     traveled  instantaneously.   'Etheric'  vibrations  such  as
     light  were  the  only  energy forms bound to the lightspeed
     limit.   There is an implication that 'sub-etheric' energies
     are  simply  higher wavelengths, but this is not made expli-
     cit.  ( .q.v Superluminal-Books: Smith, E.E. "Doc".  Lensman
     series: Children Of The Lens. )

Stewart,  Ian.   Novelettes:  Captives  Of The Slavestone. In the
     same  manner  as the 'syntes' use wormholes to create gates,
     the  'olosynte'  and the 'falasynte' use wormholes for ansi-
     bles, in the videophone and telephone varieties.

     (   q.v.   Gates-Books,  Superluminal-Books:  Stewart,  Ian:
     Captives Of The Slavestone. )

Vance,  Jack.   Demon  Prince  series:  Star  King,  The  Killing
     Machine, The Palace Of Love, The Face, The Book Of Dreams. A
     form  of  abnormal  hyperspace  is used in order to transmit
     messages.   These  messages are sent through this particular
     hyperspace,  and  may  sometimes arrive at their destination
     before they are sent.
                              - 36 -


     ( q.v. Superluminal-Books: Vance, Jack: Demon Prince series.
     )
                              - 37 -


6.  Glossary

Ansible.  A term used to describe a communications device that is
     able  to transmit a message from the transmitter and have it
     instantaneously  received by the receiver, no matter how far
     away the transmitter and receiver may be from each other.

Bussard  Ramjets.  This is a term used to describe a type of sub-
     light  drive  that  uses matter that is in space in order to
     propel  itself.   A  Bussard ramjet uses a powerful magnetic
     field as a funnel in order to sweep up interstellar hydrogen
     and  guide  it  to  the  ship's  drive, which then burns the
     hydrogen  by  fusion  and expelling it as an ordinary rocket
     would.   Therefore,  the  fuel is free in the sense that you
     don't  have  to  carry it with you.  The problem is that you
     have  to  carry  some  fuel in order to get up to the ramjet
     speeds,  since  the  funnel  doesn't work ( either not effi-
     ciently  or not at all ) below a certain threshold velocity.
     However,  once  you are moving beyond that velocity, you are
     able  to  refill  your tanks easily.  As Larry Niven pointed
     out  in  his  book The Ethics Of Madness, there is a maximum
     velocity at which a ramjet can drive you - when the relative
     speed  of  your ship and the hydrogen you are sweeping up is
     the  same  as  the  speed  at  which the burning hydrogen is
     expelled  from  your rocket, you can't go any faster ( since
     accelerating the hydrogen you are sweeping up slows you down
     as much as burning that hydrogen speeds you up... ).

Black  Hole.   A region where matter is so dense that it attracts
     matter  from  great distances.  The gravitational pull is so
     great  that  closer  to the black hole, most electromagnetic
     radiation  will  be  unable  to escape the pull of the black
     hole.

C.  A term denoting velocity.  See speed of light.

Event  horizon.   Part  of  a  black hole, the event horizon is a
     point where, due to the nature of the black hole, everything
     stops.

Faster-than-light.   A  term  used  to  refer to objects that are
     travelling at speeds that are greater than that of light.

Fold.   A  term  used  to explain a point in space, artificial or
     natural,  where  an  object may travel through this point in
     space  and  end  up  at  the other end of the fold, which is
     situated  somewhere  else in the universe. This is the basis
     for  some  of  the  jump  drives.  These can also be used as
     artificial disturbances in the space-time continuum in order
     to communicate with another being.

Fold-jump  drive.   A  term  used  to denote a drive that has the
     ability  to jump from one point in space to another point in
     space by causing the space-time continuum to fold.
                              - 38 -


Fold  Points.   A term used to describe points, that are the only
     points  that  a  ship  may  cross from one part of a fold to
     another  part  of  a  fold.  This is dependent on the actual
     situation, as some drives can fold space at any location.

Galactic Core.  A term used to refer to the densely packed region
     of  a  galaxy  that  forms  the core.  These are usually the
     areas  of the galaxy with the highest density, and are often
     a  problem  for  navigation.  Because of their high density,
     they are also the most visible parts of the galaxy.

Gates, Gateways.  Regions where any object that crosses the boun-
     dary into such a region will be teleported to another region
     located somewhere else in the universe.

Generation  ships.   These are usually ships with sublight drives
     that  travel great distances.  In order to survive until the
     destination  is  reached, the ships is made with the purpose
     of  generations  of  people  being  able to live on the ship
     itself.

Gravity  Field.   A  term for a field of usually intense gravity,
     whether  it be artificially-produced or naturally-occurring.
     When  such  a  region exists is space for a long time, it is
     said to be a gravity well.

Gravity Well.  A region in space where the gravity from an object
     is  noticeable.   Naturally occurs around large objects such
     as planets and stars.

Hyperdrive.   A  term  used  to refer to a drive that enables the
     ships  that  possesses it to go through hyperspace with some
     degree of accuracy under normal circumstances.

Hyperspace.   A term used to denote another universe or alternate
     reality where some of the laws of the universe are different
     enough  so  that a ship may travel through there faster than
     through  our  own  space.  A common feature of hyperspace is
     that,  as  the  mapping  between it and realspace is usually
     quite  random, a small error in hyperspace means a big error
     in  realspace.   If the mapping between realspace and hyper-
     space  are  not random, they are sometimes very difficult to
     figure  out  and  usually require the assistance of the com-
     puter,  or  even  the  computer needing the being's help for
     some  minor input.  Stories are written about ships that got
     lost doing a jump into hyperspace.  Sometimes, hyperspace is
     mistakenly  referred  to  as jumpspace, as the name seems to
     fit the type of propulsion better.

Hyperspatial-jump.   A  term  used  to denote a jump, that is not
     really  a  jump as it defined in this glossary.  Instead, it
     involves going through hyperspace, but appears to be instan-
     taneous to beings watching the ship move.
                              - 39 -


Inertia.   One  of  Sir Isaac Newton's Three Laws of Physics that
     states that an object tends to want to do what it is already
     doing unless acted on by an outside force.

Inertialess.  To not have any noticeable inertia.

Inertialess  drive.   A term used to refer to a drive that causes
     the  amount  of inertia possessed by the ship to decrease to
     the  point  where  high speeds are relatively easy as not as
     much power is needed in order to gain the high speeds.

Ion  Drive.  This is a term used to refer to a drive that ionizes
     the particles that is uses for propulsion, usually hydrogen,
     and  then  releases  those  particles  from the ship at high
     velocities.

Jump.   A term used to refer to the process of using a jump drive
     once. Can also be used to describe a transfer through hyper-
     space that is thought to be a jump.

Jump  Drive.   A type of propulsion that allows the ship with the
     drive  to go from one point in the universe to another point
     in  the  universe.  Restrictions depend on the actual drive.
     Some hyperdrives may be mistakenly called jump drives.

Jump  Points.   Points  in space where certain ships with certain
     types of jump drives may jump from one jump point to another
     jump point.

Jumpspace.  See hyperspace.

Light Sails.  These are sails made of special materials that cap-
     ture the waves of photons going through the universe and has
     the  same  effect that a wind sail has on an ocean.  Since a
     large surface is often used in order to capture as much sun-
     light as possible, the sail is often as thin and as light as
     possible in order to prevent to much extra weight from being
     added to the ship.

Light  Year.  The distance that light can travel within one year.
     This  form of measuring distance can also be used with other
     time units such as light minutes and light days.

Lightspeed.   A term used to refer to objects that are travelling
     at  the  speed  of light and is interchangeable, in terms of
     meaning and use, with the speed of light.

Magnetic  Container.   This  is a sealed container that is formed
     with  magnetic  fields.   This is very useful in the case of
     storing  antimatter, as any antimatter/matter collision will
     result  in  annihilation  of both particles and a tremendous
     release of energy.

                              - 40 -


Magnetic  Fields.   A  term used to denote fields that are solely
     composed  of  magnetic  energies.  These are most often used
     for particle accelerators and magnetic containers.

Magnetic  Monopoles.   Physical  oddities  that  are magnetically
     polarized to only one pole, not two.

Misjump.  A term used to denote what happens when a ship that has
     the  ability  to  jump does not jump to the desired location
     due  to  the  influence  of some action.  Such actions often
     include  impure  fuels, trying to jump from within a gravity
     well, and improper calculation for the actual jump itself.

Moebius  Loop.   A  term  used  to  describe a loop where, due to
     matter transmission ( gate ) or time travel technology, some
     of  the vessels or some of the matter transmitters get 'per-
     manently'  stuck  into a mode where matter from one point is
     being  constantly  retransmitted and grows larger, or a cer-
     tain amount of time is being repeated in a cycle.

ORIONs.   Coming  from the original form, Project ORION.  Project
     ORION  made  use  of  nuclear  weapons dropped one at a time
     behind  the  ship, which has a larger 'pusher plate' affixed
     to  the  rear.   The resultant shockwave from each explosion
     pushes the ship forward.  Messy when used for launching from
     Earth.  Use on Earth and in space is now forbidden by inter-
     national law, due to the Limited Test Ban Treaty of 1983.

     (  q.v.  Sublight-Books:  Niven, Larry and Pournelle, Jerry:
     Footfall. )

Psionic.   A term used to describe a person who has mental powers
     that  are  considered  supernatural.   Examples of this are:
     extra-sensory perception, telepathy, and teleportation.

Psychic.  See psionic.

Reaction.   The  force  that  opposes  an  action, from Sir Isaac
     Newton's  Laws  of  Physics:  'For every action, there is an
     equal and opposite reaction.'

Reaction  drive.   A term used to describe a drive that causes an
     action, such as expelling mass from the rear of the ship, in
     order  to make the drive and the ship that carries the drive
     to perform a calculated reaction.

Reactionless.  An action for which there is no reaction.

Reactionless drive.  A term used to describe a drive that propels
     the ship that carries it without any apparent reaction.

Realspace.   A  term  used to denote our own universe and our own
     dimension.
                              - 41 -


Singularities.   A term used to describe a point in a space where
     everything near that point only exists at that point.

Sleeper Ships.  The ship in question travels at normal velocities
     with all of the people on board in suspended animation.

Space-Time Continuum, Space-Time Axis.  The first term relates to
     our understanding of our universe, being one where there are
     space components and time components.  The second term tries
     to  quantify this understanding by giving measurement to our
     universe,  usually represented by three space axis ( length,
     width, and depth ) and one time axis ( duration ).

Speed of Light.  A term used to describe the speed at which light
     travels.   This is believed to be a ceiling on travel speeds
     with  the normal range of our universe.  Superluminal travel
     supposes  that  this  ceiling  is  somehow able to be passed
     through for short periods of time.  Velocities may be quoted
     as  Xc where the number in place of the X is assumed to be a
     certain  factor  of  the  speed  of  light.  (  e.g. 0.7c is
     equivalent to 70 percent of the speed of light. )

Stasis  Field.   A  field that somehow slows down time for all of
     the object encased within the field.

Sublight.   A  term used to refer to objects travelling at speeds
     that are less than that of light.

Superluminal.   A  term used to refer to objects that are capable
     of travelling at faster-than-light speeds.

Suspended  Animation.   A process by which the metabolic rates of
     people  within  certain chambers are reduced to the level at
     which little or no aging takes place.

Tachyon.   A  theoretical  particle  that, due to its nature, can
     break the lightspeed barrier as it can go backwards in time.

Teleport,  Teleportation.   A term used to describe movement from
     one  area  to  another  without  going  to any of the points
     inbetween the source and the destination.

Teleporter.   A  term  used to describe an object or a person who
     can teleport.

Tesseract.   A  mathematical  model  of  a four-dimensional space
     where  three-dimensional beings can become very confused due
     to their spatial perceptions.

Time-Dilation.   A  phrase describing the theory that as one gets
     closer  to  lightspeed,  the  rate  at which time flows with
     respect  to  the  universe  increases.  This theory has been
     proven by using space flight as well as quantum mechanics.
                              - 42 -


Time-Line.   A  term  used  to  denote  a  certain  path that the
     universe might take.  Let time be defined as a tree, where a
     branch  of  the tree is created whenever a decision is made.
     The  idea  of  a time-line stipulates that every decision is
     made,  but to any being in the tree after one of these deci-
     sions, it appears that only one choice was made.

Time-Sense.   A term used to denote the ability to sense into the
     past,  present, or future, and these are sometimes viewed as
     being  the same to such a being.  This term can also be used
     to  denoted  a  being  that is able to sense different time-
     lines,  and may be able to influence the time-line that will
     be followed as the probably outcomes are known to them.

Warp  Drive.   A type of propulsion that allows the ship with the
     drive  to  somehow bypass the speed of light while remaining
     or seeming to remain within our universe.

Wormholes.   Naturally occurring gaps in the universe, thought to
     be  made  by  tachyons and other subatomic particles.  These
     gaps lead from one point in space to another point where the
     particle decided to travel to.

     (  q.v.  Superluminal-Games:  Bujold,  Lois  McMaster: Miles
     Vorkosigan series and associated books. )
                              - 43 -


7.  Sources of Stories

     This  section  is  here  for the stories that are part of an
anthology  or  magazine.   Hopefully,  this will allow people who
wish  to  read  one of the stories to find the story more easily.
Listing of the stories is done by the author's name.

Bujold,  Lois McMaster.  Falling Free. From Analog, Mid-Novemeber
     1987 to Mid-February 1988.

Harrison,  Harry.   Space  Rats Of The CCC From The Best Of Harry
     Harrison.

Kusnick, Gregory.  Chrysalis. From Analog, Mid-December 1987.

Manzione,  Joseph.   Candle In A Cosmic Wind. From Analog, August
     1987.

Spinrad,  Norman.   Subjectivity.  From  The  Last  Hurrah Of The
     Gloden Horde.

Stewart,  Ian.   Captives  Of  The  Slavestone. From Analog, Mid-
     December 1987.

Turtledove, Harry.  6+. From Analog, September 1987.

--- END ---
--
Jack a.k.a. Wildside   ... 2nd regeneration of a Time Lord
~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~~
"But that's not decent"
"I am a pirate, I don't do decency!" - Don Carnage


 
=======================> Bye now. Have a grassic day!